Effects of organic farming on minerals contents and aroma composition of Clemenules mandarin juice

Consumers demand organic products because they believe that the organic products are more flavorful and respectful to the environment and human health. The effects of organic farming on the minerals contents and aroma composition of Clemenules mandarin juices were studied. Minerals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ca, Mg, K, and Na) were quantified using atomic absorption-emission spectroscopy, while volatile compounds were extracted using the dynamic headspace technique and were identified and quantified by GC–MS. In general, organic farming produced a mandarin juice with a higher quality than that produced by conventional agricultural practices. Higher concentrations of both minerals and positive volatile compounds were found in the organic juice, while the formation of off-flavors was higher in the conventional juice, although threshold values were not reached.     

Effect of harvesting time and fruit size on titratable acidity, soluble solid and distribution of limonin in Thai tangerine juice

The effect of fruit size and harvesting of Thai tangerine fruit ( Citrus reticulata , Blanco) at different growth stages, 8–12 months after fruit set, on the distribution of limonin in whole fruit as well as in the individual fruit parts and extracted juice was investigated. The highest limonin concentration was observed in seed, followed by albedo, flavedo, segment membrane and juice sacs in decreasing order. The limonin concentration in juice as well as in whole fruit was decreased when fruit was harvested 8–12 months of fruit set. Increasing harvesting time from 8 to 12 months showed corresponding decreases in the amount of limonin in flavedo, albedo and seed. There was a decrease in titrable acidity and increase in total soluble solid and total soluble solid/titrable acidity ratio of juice with a later than normal harvesting time. However, fruit size showed no effect on limonin content and other properties of juice extracted from tangerine.     

枳实-白术及其单味药中挥发油成分的对比分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从枳实、白术及其药对中提取挥发油成分,利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分离检测它们,并通过交互移动窗口因子法(AMWFA)对其共有组分进行比较分析,最后通过质谱库结合保留指数、面积积分法进行定性定量分析。枳实、白术及其药对中挥发油分别定性46、45和82个成分,占各自总量的92.51%、91.56%和82.09%。药对与枳实、白术的共有组分分别为38个和37个。药对中挥发油主要成分是:D-苧烯(34.88%)(主要来自枳实);1,2,3,4-四氢-1-丁基异喹啉(22.31%)、大根香叶烯D(4.74%)(主要来自白术);里哪醇(6.17%)(新增)等。实验表明药对种类与含量变化并不是单味药的简单相加。     

柑橘-红茶咀嚼片的研制及其体外模拟消化中酚类化合物稳定性和抗氧化能力的评价

目的 研制柑橘-红茶咀嚼片并探究体外模拟消化前后酚类化合物的稳定性和抗氧化活性。方法 以柑橘、红茶粉作为材料,采用单因素实验得出柑橘-红茶咀嚼片的最佳配比,随后进行体外模拟消化即模拟口腔、胃、肠消化,对消化前后的总酚、总黄酮以及1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基、2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt,ABTS]阳离子自由基清除能力、还原力进行研究。结果 柑橘-红茶咀嚼片最佳配比为:茶柑混合物25%、麦芽糊精40.6%、赤藓糖醇33.3%、硬脂酸镁1.1%。该条件下制备的柑橘-红茶咀嚼片感官评分、硬度、脆碎度和崩解度分别为(83.3000±0.7149)分、(38.6667±0.5774) N、(7.2000±0.0000) min和(25.7367±0.5326) min。在体外模拟消化后总酚含量整体上逐渐减小,总黄酮含量呈现先减少后增加的趋势;DPPH自由基清...     

Extraction optimization and adsorption isotherm kinetics of polyphenols from blossoms of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl

ABSTRACT

Crude extracts were extracted from blossoms of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. with 50% ethanol (CAVAP-E), 50% methanol (CAVAP-M), and hot water (CAVAP-W). CAVAP-W had the highest polyphenol yield of 3.7%. The optimum values of liquid/solid ratio, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic power were 34.06 mL/g, 1 h, and 81.04 W, respectively. The adsorption characteristics of polyphenols were investigated using different macroporous resins. AB-8 and HP-20 resins offered higher adsorption and desorption capacities. Langmuir equation was more suitable to predict the adsorption of polyphenols. The pseudo second-order model was satisfactory to describe the kinetic data of polyphenols onto AB-8 and HP-20.     

Lc/Esi/Ms/Ms determination of postharvest fungicide residues in citrus juices

An LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed for the quantitative detection of postharvest fungicide residues in citrus juices and reported in this paper. The analyses of thiabendazole (TBZ), carbendazim (MBC), thiophanate methyl (TPM), imazalil (IMZ) and prochloraz (PCZ) residues were performed by using a gradient elution in conjunction with positive ionization mode electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Fungicides were extracted from citrus juices with recoveries ranging from 79.8 to 101.2% and relative standard deviation better than 15%. The quantification limits ranged from 0.01 μg/kg IMZ to 0.06 μg/kg for MBC. The LC-MS-MS method was applied to commercial citrus juices, detecting MBC, TBZ and IMZ residues in the 90% of the samples. Prochloraz residues were detected only in one of the multifruit juice (orange, lemon and carrot) samples.     

椪柑果奶生产工艺

本文探讨了椪柑果奶的生产工艺流程和工艺操作要点，采用产品的配方为椪柑果汁20%、脱脂乳粉2.5%、白砂糖7%、有机酸(柠檬酸:苹果酸=2:1)0.3%、乙基麦芽酚20ppm、羧甲基纤维素钠0.15%、黄原胶0.1%、阿拉伯胶0.1%、柠檬酸三钠0.15%、β-环糊精0.6%。在25MPa压力下均质,并在80℃杀菌15min,所得产品具有口感细腻、酸甜可口、营养丰富等特点。     

Determination of industrial pollution effects on citrus honeys with chemometric approach

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of essential, trace and toxic elements, such as K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Al, Ni, Sn, Pb and Cd in citrus honeys from different regions (industrialized and nonindustrialized) of Hatay, Turkey. K, Ca, Na and Mg were the most abundant elements, with mean contents of 363.5, 256.6, 88.1 and 37.7 mg/kg, respectively. The trace element mean contents ranged between 0.032 and 15.58 mg/kg. Significant differences in Fe, Cu, Al, Ni, Sn, Pb, Cd, Co and Sr levels were observed between two different regions. The findings that Fe, Cu, Al, Ni, Sn, Pb, Cd, Co and Sr contents in citrus honeys from industrialized regions were higher than citrus honeys from non-industrialized regions indicate that the honeys were affected by industrial pollution. Chemometric methods were applied to classify honey according to mineral content. Cluster analysis showed three clusters corresponding to the three different regions.     

Evaluation of the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Peel Oil of Citrus nobilis

Peel oil of Citrus nobilis (Lour) was analyzed for determining its chemical composition. Fourteen identified components accounted for 99.1% (GC) and 100.0% (FID) of the total oil. Major component of the oil was limonene (76.8%-GC and 86.2%-FID). Essential oil was also evaluated for its antioxidant activity in four complementary test systems namely; β-carotene/linoleic acid, DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activities. In the first system, antioxidant activity increased with the increasing concentration. At 20.0 mg.ml^?1 concentration, antioxidant property of the oil was 96.8% ± 0.2 and as strong as the positive controls BHT and α-tocopherol. Scavenging effect of the oil was superior to the positive controls BHT and α-tocopherol at 1.5 mg.ml^?1 concentration (96.4% ± 0.1). Reducing power and chelating effect of the essential oil increased with the increasing concentration.