桑寄生中总黄酮的含量测定及抗氧化活性研究

建立桂花树桑寄生中总黄酮的紫外分光光度测定方法;用清除DPPH自由基的能力来评价桑寄生中总黄酮的抗氧化活性。总黄酮浓度在0.004 mg/mL~0.02 mg/mL范围内,吸光度与浓度呈具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 5)。桂花树桑寄生中总黄酮含量为14.18 mg/g,平均加标回收率为101.2%,同一批样品5次测定值的RSD为2.07%~2.25%之间;抑制DPPH自由基的能力IC50是32.31μg/mL。该方法简便、快捷、准确、重现性好,可作为检测桂花树桑寄生中总黄酮含量的一种好方法;结果表明,桂花树桑寄生总黄酮具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

桂花果实油脂的不同提取方法工艺优化及脂肪酸组成

对桂花果实油脂的不同提取方法进行工艺优化。以四季桂为原料,采用单因素实验分别考察快速溶剂提取、超声辅助和回流3种不同提取方法的工艺条件对桂花果实油脂得率的影响,并利用正交实验进行工艺条件优化,确定最佳的提取方法及工艺参数。运用最优提取方法和工艺条件比较桂花4个品种果实的油脂得率,确定制备桂花果实油脂的最适品种。采用GC-MS分析最适桂花果实品种的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:不同提取方法下,快速溶剂提取法油脂得率最高,最佳的提取工艺条件为提取时间8 min、提取压力7 MPa、提取温度96℃,在该条件下,桂花果实的油脂得率为29. 8%;桂花4个品种中四季桂品种果实的油脂得率最高; GC-MS分析显示,四季桂果实油脂的脂肪酸组成主要为油酸(43. 16%)、亚油酸(38. 02%)、顺-10-十五碳烯酸(12. 34%)、硬脂酸(3. 32%)。     

桂花颗粒冲剂与桂花果冻的研制

以新鲜桂花为主要原料,研制了桂花颗粒冲剂和桂花果冻2种休闲食品。结果表明,桂花总固形物最佳煮提条件:料水比1:13,煮提时间60min,煮提次数2次;桂花颗粒冲剂最佳原料配方:桂花煮膏粉、麦芽糊精、蔗糖粉质量比2:3:3;而桂花果冻的最佳原料配方为:桂花煮膏粉、蔗糖粉、柠檬酸、卡拉胶的质量比2:10:0.6:1.2,可分别制得口感好、有桂花独特香味且具有保健功能的新型桂花颗粒冲剂和桂花果冻。     

桂花多酚类化合物电喷雾萃取电离质谱分析

为建立桂花中多酚类化合物的电喷雾萃取电离质谱（extractive electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry,EESI-MS）分析法,以四季桂花为材料,采用高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）法和EESI-MS测定了其醇提液中主要的多酚类化合物组成。结果表明：四季桂花中总酚和总黄酮含量分别为（133.38±0.12）mg/g和（72.49±0.09）mg/g。采用HPLC法从其醇提液中检测到了15?种多酚类化合物,其中杨梅素、桑黄素、芦丁、柚皮素和（＋）-儿茶素含量较为丰富。EESI-MS在负离子模式下从四季桂花醇提液中检测出了原儿茶酸、p-香豆酸、咖啡酸、表儿茶素和绿原酸5?种化合物;正离子模式下检测出了肉桂酸、桑黄素和杨梅素等3?种化合物。EESI-MS具有样品用量少、不需复杂分离预处理、分析速度快等优点,可用于食品中多酚类化合物的分析。     

响应面法优化桂花酒酿造工艺

以信阳大米和桂花为原料,通过改良黄酒发酵工艺拟开发一种新型发酵型桂花酒来提高桂花的附加值。以感官评分和酒精度为响应值,采用单因素试验和响应面试验优化其酿造工艺。结果表明,在生酸过程中植物乳杆菌添加量0.1%,18 ℃条件下发酵60 h;发酵过程中糖渍桂花添加量5%,麦曲添加量0.3%,酵母添加量0.2%,发酵温度30 ℃,发酵192 h。在此条件下制得的桂花酒感官评分为81.9分,酒精度为14.51%vol,残糖、总酸含量为23 g/L、3.6 g/L,具有浓郁的桂花香气、酒体完整、舒顺协调。     

桂花甜酒酿酒曲的优选和工艺研究

通过以糯米、桂花为原料,研究几种不同的酒曲在桂花甜酒酿酿制过程中对品质及发酵工艺的影响,并采用正交试验法来确定发酵时间、发酵温度等工艺条件.以桂花甜酒酿成品中总糖、总酸、酒精度、氨基酸态氮等指标参数进行分析,认为采用蜂蜜牌苏州甜酒曲的发酵时间为60h、发酵温度为32℃可以得到风味独特、品质优良的桂花甜酒酿.     

Identification of miRNAs and Target Genes at Key Stages of Sexual Differentiation in Androdioecious Osmanthus fragrans

Androdioecy is the crucial transition state in the evolutionary direction of hermaphroditism to dioecy, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of this sex system remain unclear. While popular in China for its ornamental and cultural value, Osmanthus fragrans has an extremely rare androdioecy breeding system, meaning that there are both male and hermaphroditic plants in a population. To unravel the mechanisms underlying the formation of androdioecy, we performed small RNA sequencing studies on male and hermaphroditic O. fragrans. A total of 334 miRNAs were identified, of which 59 were differentially expressed. Functional categorization revealed that the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in the biological processes of reproductive development and the hormone signal transduction pathway. We speculated that the miRNA160, miRNA167, miRNA393 and miRNA396 families may influence the sex differentiation in O. fragrans. Overall, our study is the first exploration of miRNAs in the growth and development process of O. fragrans, and is also the first study of androdioecious plants from the miRNA sequencing perspective. The analysis of miRNAs and target genes that may be involved in the sex differentiation process lay a foundation for the ultimate discovery of the androdioecious molecular mechanism in O. fragrans.     

Phenolic composition,antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of aqueous-methanol extract from Anneslea fragrans leaves as affected by drying methods

The present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of three different drying methods, including shade drying (SD), freeze drying (FD) and hot air dying (HAD), on the chemical components, antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of aqueous-methanol extracts from A. fragrans leaves. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined by spectroscopic methods, whereas the chemical profile of different extracts was determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). A total of thirteen compounds were characterised and 9 phenolic compounds have been quantified. Two dihydrochalcone glycosides named confusoside and vacciniifolin were found to be the most abundant phenolic compounds in the SD extract of A. fragrans leaves, which also showed the strongest antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. The results showed that shade drying is an efficient method for preserving the chemical constituents and maintaining the antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of A. fragrans leaves.     

桂花果提取液在1 mol/L盐酸介质中对A3钢的缓蚀性能

为了开发A3钢盐酸清洗中的天然绿色缓蚀剂,通过索式提取法从桂花果中提取植物缓蚀剂,采用失重法、极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了不同浓度桂花果提取液在1 mol/L盐酸介质中对A3钢的缓蚀性能,并探讨了缓蚀机理。结果表明:以95%的乙醇为溶剂索式提取的桂花果提取液在1 mol/L盐酸介质中对A3钢具有良好的缓蚀性能,缓蚀效率随其浓度的增加而增大,当其浓度达到25 g/L时,缓蚀效率可达93%以上;桂花果提取液为混合型缓蚀剂,缓蚀机理为"几何覆盖效应",其有效缓蚀成分在A3钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,吸附平衡常数为1.89 L/g。