基于响应面分析的刺参渗透脱水工艺

由于刺参离开海水后很快会发生自溶,所以刺参一般都是脱水后在市场上流通.传统的刺参干制方法耗时太长,而且品质较差.渗透处理可有效降低刺参的初始含水率,几乎没有额外能耗,因此可有效降低后续干燥处理的能耗.采用可旋转的中心组合试验,利用响应面分析方法,对刺参在渗透过程中的主要工艺参数对失水率和固形物增加率的影响进行分析,并得到优化的渗透工艺参数.     

液相色谱-四级杆/线性离子阱复合质谱法分析恩诺沙星在海参体内的代谢产物

为鉴定恩诺沙星给药后其在海参(Stichopus japonicas)体内的主要代谢产物,取药浴后均质的海参样品,经酸化乙腈提取、浓缩、正己烷净化后,利用液相色谱-四级杆/线性离子阱复合质谱法进行分析。采用电喷雾离子源在正离子模式下进行多反应选择监测结合实时触发增强子离子模式(MRM-IDA-EPI)扫描,分析恩诺沙星在海参体内的代谢产物。实验结果表明,给药6 h后海参体内共鉴定出10种恩诺沙星代谢产物,包括恩诺沙星异构化产物(M3)、脱乙基产物环丙沙星(M1)及其异构体(M2)、加氢还原产物及其异构体(M4、M5和M6)、羟基化恩诺沙星及其异构体(M7和M8)和加氧恩诺沙星及其异构体(M9和M10)。恩诺沙星在海参体内的代谢产物M2~M5以峰面积计,均高于环丙沙星(M1)。研究发现恩诺沙星在海参体内主要发生脱乙基反应和加氢还原反应,其主要代谢产物为M2和M4。     

刺参多糖急性毒理研究及其安全性评价

以Wistar大鼠及昆明种小鼠为实验动物，考察了刺参多糖急性毒理作用及安全性。结果表明，刺参多糖属实际无毒物质，可安全地作为保健食品辅助刺或食品添加剂使用。     

我国北方 3 种主要养殖模式刺参的营养组成与功能性成分差异研究

目的探究我国北方主要刺参产区3种不同养殖模式刺参营养组成与功能性成分的差异。方法从山东和辽宁采集底播养殖、围堰养殖和池塘养殖3种不同养殖模式共75个刺参样品,依据国家标准中的方法,比较分析刺参体壁中营养成分(灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸)和功能性成分(胶原蛋白、刺身多糖和刺身皂苷)的含量。结果 3种养殖模式刺参体壁中的灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、氨基酸(包括氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸等)、不饱和脂肪酸总量、刺身多糖、刺身皂苷等含量均无显著差异。底播养殖模式刺参的甘氨酸、胶原蛋白、二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)含量含量显著高于池塘养殖模式,围堰养殖刺参的含量位于中间水平;池塘养殖模式刺参的饱和脂肪酸含量最高,显著高于底播养殖模式,K、Na、Mg、Ca和P含量显著高于围堰养殖模式,而V含量显著低于围堰养殖模式,底播养殖刺参位于中间水平。结论 3种不同养殖模式刺参的营养成分组成存在一定差异。研究结果为促进和完善刺身营养及品质评价体系建设提供数据支持。     

Characterization of an i-type lysozyme gene from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus, and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antimicrobial activities of its recombinant protein

Because sea cucumbers lack a well-developed immune system and can ingest pathogenic bacteria together with food, some form of active antibacterial substances must be present in the body for defense. In this study, the cDNA of an i-type lysozyme from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus (designated SjLys) was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE PCR techniques. The full length cDNA of SjLys was 713 bp with an open reading frame of 438 bp coding for 145 amino acids. Two catalytic residues (Glu34 and Asp47), conserved in i-type lysozymes, and a highly conserved region near the active site, MDVGSLSCG(P Y)(Y F)QIK, were detected in SjLys. In addition, the domain structure analysis of SjLys showed that it is highly similar to the medicinal leech destabilase, which belongs to a new phylogenetic family of invertebrate lysozymes possessing both glycosidase and isopeptidase activities. To gain insight into the in vitro antimicrobial activities of SjLys, the mature peptide coding region was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant SjLys protein displayed an inhibitive effect on the growth of the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A remarkable finding is that the recombinant SjLys exhibited more potent activities against all tested bacterial strains after heat-treating at 100 °C for 50 min. These results indicated that the S. japonicus lysozyme is an enzyme with combined enzymatic (glycosidase) and nonenzymatic antibacterial action.     

基于UPLC／Q—TOF—MS技术的毛茛生物碱类成分快速分析鉴定

应用液质联用技术uPLc／Q—TOF—MS建立一种有效快速分析鉴定毛茛生物碱类成分的方法并研究其质谱裂解规律。采用液质联用技术UPLC／Q—TOF—MS,根据毛莨生物碱类成分的一级质谱数据,二级特征裂解碎片及标准品比对鉴定毛莨生物碱类成分。共鉴定了12种生物碱类成分,并探讨了其裂解规律。首次从毛茛中分离鉴定了12种生物碱类物质,建立了一种有效的基于UPLC／Q—TOF-MS鉴定毛茛生物碱类成分的方法。     

响应面法优化海鲈鱼鱼肉脱腥工艺

摘 要: 目的 确定以香菜、薄荷为主要原料制得的复合脱腥液对海鲈鱼鱼肉的最佳脱腥工艺。方法 通过腥度(腥气、腥味)和感官评分(色泽、气味、滋味、质地)对海鲈鱼鱼肉脱腥效果进行评价, 采用单因素试验和响应面实验研究脱腥液浓度、料液比和脱腥时间, 确定最佳脱腥工艺, 并比较脱腥前后海鲈鱼肉主要挥发性成分及三甲胺含量的变化。结果 最佳脱腥工艺为脱腥液浓度4 g/100 mL, 料液比1:3 (g:mL), 脱腥时间43 min, 脱腥后鱼腥味物质戊醛、己醛和庚醛等明显减弱, 增加了2-茨醇、香叶醇和芳樟醇等清香味物质,三甲胺含量明显降低。结论 最佳脱腥工艺可在脱腥同时赋予鱼肉清香味, 绿色天然、方便有效, 可为海鲈鱼鱼肉脱腥工艺提供参考。     

盐渍与水发海参的细菌分离鉴定

从盐渍与水发刺参中分离到10株菌,6株革兰氏阴性菌,4株革兰氏阳性菌。形态及生理生化反应测试结果表明,10株菌分别为3种棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium sp.)、嗜冷杆菌(Psychrobacter phenylpyruvica Bowman)、华氏葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus warneri)、奥斯陆莫拉氏菌(Moraxella osloensis)、鼠疫耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia pestis)、栖稻黄色单胞菌(Flavimonas oryzihabitans Holmes)、脲放线杆菌(Actinobacillus ureae Mutters)和少动鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas paucimobilis Yabuuchi),后5株为致病菌或条件致病菌。检测了10株菌的胞外酶活性,实验结果表明10株菌对酯均无分解能力,9株菌具有胶原蛋白酶活性,7株菌具有淀粉酶活性,6株菌具有酪蛋白酶活性。多种致病菌严重影响了刺参的食用安全,也是刺参易腐败降解的一个重要因素。     

Pepsin-solubilised collagen (PSC) from Red Sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) regulates cell cycle and the fibronectin synthesis in HaCaT cell migration

Pepsin-solubilised collagen (PSC) from Red Sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) was studied with respect to its wound-healing effects on a human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line. Disaggregated collagen fibres were treated with 0.1 M NaOH for 24 h and digested with pepsin for 72 h to reach maximum yield of 26.6%. The results of an in vitro wound-healing test showed that migration of HaCaT cells was 1.5-fold faster on PSC-coated plates than on untreated plates. The migration rate of sea cucumber PSC was similar to that of rat PSC, but five times higher than that of bovine gelatin. HaCaT cells grown on PSC-coated plates revealed increased fibronectin synthesis (6-fold and 3-fold compared to gelatin and rat PSC, respectively). Additionally, sea cucumber PSCs induced HaCaT cell proliferation by decreasing the G1 phase by 5% and maintaining a larger population (8%) of cells in mitosis. Collagen from Red Sea cucumber might be useful as an alternative to mammalian collagen in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.     

麦冬多糖对大米淀粉凝胶化及凝胶特性的影响

为研究麦冬多糖对大米淀粉凝胶化及凝胶特性的影响,分别以0%、2%、4%、6%和8%的麦冬多糖替代大米淀粉,研究麦冬多糖对大米淀粉糊化特性、静态流变、动态流变、凝胶质构及水分子状态的影响。结果表明：麦冬多糖以浓度依赖的方式使大米淀粉糊的峰值黏度等糊化黏度参数均降低,而峰值时间和糊化温度则增加。不同样品均为假塑性流体,幂律方程能够较好地拟合其静态流变行为,假塑性随麦冬多糖添加量增加而增强,稠度指数随麦冬多糖添加量增加而降低。麦冬多糖使大米淀粉糊的黏弹性及凝胶的硬度、内聚性、咀嚼性和回复性均降低。凝胶中的水分子主要呈游离态,结合水和束缚水含量较少,添加麦冬多糖降低了大米淀粉凝胶中水分子的运动性。