三烷基氧膦络合萃取一元有机羧酸

络合萃取法对极性有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性。选择甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸为分离对象 ,三烷基氧膦 (TRPO)为络合剂 ,煤油为稀释剂 ,进行了系统的萃取相平衡实验 ,测定了络合剂浓度、稀释剂组成等因素对萃取平衡分配系数的影响。实验结果表明 ,溶质的亲油性对络合萃取平衡影响起主导作用 ;随TRPO浓度增大 ,萃取平衡分配系数呈增大趋势 ;随溶质初始浓度增大 ,有机相的溶质浓度向饱和萃取量接近 ;饱和萃取量随络合剂浓度的增大而增大。对相平衡分配系数进行拟合 ,精度令人满意。     

Vapour phase esterification of butyric acid with 1-pentanol over Al-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves

Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves with Si/Al ratios 25, 50, 75 & 100 were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized systematically by various analytical and spectroscopy techniques. Their catalytic activity was evaluated for the vapour phase reaction of butyric acid with 1-pentanol. Pentyl butyrate was obtained as the only product. Reaction parameters such as temperature, molar ratio and feed rate were optimized for higher butyric acid conversion. The time-on-stream study was carried out at optimum conditions resulting in gradual decrease in the activity of the catalyst.     

4－氨基－3－苯基丁酸的合成方法

对已知的涉及合成4－氨基－3－苯基丁酸的方法进行了分类、总结,包括涉及硝基苯乙烯的Michael加成反应、以苯基戊二酸为中间体的反应、通过还原氰基或硝基的反应等,从反应原料、反应步骤、产率等方面分析了不同方法的利弊,其中,以糠氯酸为原料的方法最为新颖。为后续工作者在现有成果的基础上进行更深入的研究,寻求更为适用的合成方法提供方便。     

丁酸梭菌与酪丁酸梭菌发酵特性比较

从人粪便、窖泥和动物肠道内容物分离筛选出3株丁酸梭状芽孢杆菌,分别命名为Clostridium butyricum NK、Clostridium butyricum SY、Clostridium butyricum RX。比较丁酸梭菌NK、丁酸梭菌SY、丁酸梭菌RX和酪丁酸梭菌ATCC25755在合成培养基的发酵特性。结果表明:丁酸梭菌NK和丁酸梭菌SY生长能力较强。酪丁酸梭菌产丁酸能力较强,而产乳酸能力低于丁酸梭菌。3株丁酸梭菌相比较,丁酸梭菌NK产丁酸能力较强,达2.08g/L。     

丁酸的生理功能研究进展

丁酸是一种重要的短链脂肪酸,是结肠细胞重要的能量来源,可控制细胞增殖,具有多种生理功能。近年来大量研究表明,丁酸有促进肠道发育、维持肠道功能与健康、增强机体免疫性能、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等功能,但目前对于丁酸生理功能的研究多停留在利用动物模型或细胞进行单独研究的阶段。本文从肠道组织功能与健康、物质代谢、免疫功能、肿瘤细胞等几个方面综述了丁酸功能的研究进展,并进行了展望,旨在为丁酸的进一步研究与应用提供思路。     

丁酸型产氢-产酸发酵细菌pH生态位探讨

本试验结果认为,细菌在3 86,或4 5>PH>5 3生态位理论。分析原因在于,试验过程中的环境因素———C/N比的降低,氮源物质浓度的提高,相应提高了微生物的合成代谢水平,并且使得细菌发酵过程在pH值较低的环境中,向合成代谢水平较高的丁酸型发酵转变。细菌发生丁酸型发酵是在环境内多种环境因子协同作用下进行的。该试验结果拓宽了前期理论研究中得到的丁酸型发酵生态位范围,为今后相关的理论研究及实际生产提供了理论依据。     

丁酸型发酵产氢的运行稳定性

着重对发酵法生物制氢反应系统的丁酸型发酵的运行稳定性进行了研究分析。结果表明,在有机负荷大于21kgCOD/m3·d的条件下,丁酸型发酵具有不稳定性,在负荷冲击下容易转变为丙酸含量较高的发酵类型,从而导致系统产氢能力的下降。分析认为,NADH/NAD+的平衡调节能力是影响系统运行稳定性的一个关键因素。在高负荷条件下,由于丁酸型发酵的产丁酸过程不能氧化过剩的NADH+H+,导致产乙酸过程生成的剩余NADH+H+在系统内大量积累,使反应系统难以达到氧化还原的平衡状态,最终影响了系统的稳定运行。     

Recovery of fear memories in rats: Role of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) in infantile amnesia.

Infantile amnesia is a ubiquitous phenomenon, but its neural bases remain largely unknown. The authors identify a role for GABAergic transmission in suppressing retrieval of memories acquired in infancy. Eighteen-day-old rats received pairings of white noise and shock; considerable forgetting of this experience (assessed by freezing) occurred after 10 days. The memory was recovered by pretest administration of the GABAA inverse agonist FG7142 10 days, but not 2 months, after training. This effect of FG7142 generalized when a passive avoidance procedure was used. Also, FG7142 decreased fear of a latently inhibited conditioned stimulus, showing that the observed memory recovery effect was not due to a state-dependent process. It appears that GABA may be involved in infantile amnesia regardless of the emotional content of the memory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)