Enzymatic extraction of fucoxanthin from brown seaweeds

Brown seaweeds contain a number of bioactive compounds. The xanthophyll, fucoxanthin, has in vivo efficacy against disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. Organic solvents are traditionally employed to extract fucoxanthin, but carry a toxic chemical and environmental burden. The aim of this study was to optimise a fucoxanthin extraction method using enzymes, water, low‐temperature dehydration and mechanical blending, to produce yields comparable to those achieved with an organic solvent (acetone). Response surface methodology was applied, using Fucus vesiculosus as a model species. A fucoxanthin yield of 0.657 mg g^?1 (dry mass) was obtained from F. vesiculosus blade using the enzymatic method, equivalent to 94% of the acetone‐extracted yield. Optimum extraction parameters were determined to be enzyme‐to‐water ratio 0.52%, seaweed‐to‐water ratio 5.37% and enzyme incubation time 3.05 h. These findings may be applied to the development of value‐added nutraceutical products from seaweed.     

三角褐指藻源岩藻黄素功能活性及其生物合成研究进展

海洋硅藻三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)含有丰富的岩藻黄素且生长速度快,被认为是生产岩藻黄素的最佳物种之一。其中岩藻黄素作为一种天然类胡萝卜素,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗炎症、抗肥胖等生理活性,在生物医药和功能食品领域具有重要应用价值。岩藻黄素因合成机制的复杂性而表现出一定的不稳定性,使其在生产中存在着产量低、成本高等问题。本文详细介绍了三角褐指藻源岩藻黄素的功能活性,对岩藻黄素的合成机制及合成过程中不同因素对其积累量的影响因素的研究进展进行系统综述旨在深入研究海洋微藻来源的岩藻黄素的作用价值,为岩藻黄素进一步的开发利用提供技术支撑,有望为功能性食品领域的开发提供理论依据,为未来海洋硅藻产业化发展提供参考。     

羊栖菜岩藻黄质色素的抗氧化性研究

为研究羊栖菜超临界CO2提取的岩藻黄质色素粗品的抗氧化活性,首先应用分光光度法测定了岩藻黄质粗品的还原能力、对DPPH·清除率以及抗脂质过氧化功能,再通过化学发光法测定了岩藻黄质粗品清除．OH、O2^-．和H2O2的性能。结果表明,羊栖莱岩藻黄质色素粗品浓度与抗氧化活性均呈良好的量效关系,对·OH、O2^-、DPPH．与H2O2具有较强的清除能力,还原能力表现较弱。其中岩藻黄质粗品·OH的IC50为386．29μg/mL,清除率强于对照品Vc弱于VE;DPPH.的IC50为565.2μg／mL,约为对照品VE的211．4％;O2·的IC50为615．71μg／mL,H,0,的IC50为658．74μg／mL,清除率均小于VF、VC对照品。岩藻黄质粗品抗脂质过氧化功效为BHT的50％左右,远强于VC因此．羊栖菜岩藻黄质色素粗品具有良好的抗氧化活性,有望成为天然抗氧化剂得到开发利用．     

海带中岩藻黄质的C18-HPLC-PDA检测

目的:研究海带中岩藻黄质的C18-HPLC-PDA检测方法。方法:在C18-HPLCPDA上,海带中的岩藻黄质可获得良好的分离。色谱条件:DiamonsilTM C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)柱;流动相A:乙腈-水(9∶1,V/V);流动相B:乙酸乙酯;线性梯度洗脱:B在20min内由0增至100%;流速:1.0mL/min;PDA波长范围:250～600nm;进样量:20μL。根据其色谱行为和光谱特征,使用外标法可对岩藻黄质组分定性、定量。     

Carotenoids from Marine Sources as a New Approach in Neuroplasticity Enhancement

An increasing number of people experience disorders related to the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, new forms of therapy, which may be helpful in repairing processes’ enhancement and restoring declined brain functions, are constantly being sought. One of the most relevant physiological processes occurring in the brain for its entire life is neuroplasticity. It has tremendous significance concerning CNS disorders since neurological recovery mainly depends on restoring its structural and functional organization. The main factors contributing to nerve tissue damage are oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, marine carotenoids, abundantly occurring in the aquatic environment, being potent antioxidant compounds, may play a pivotal role in nerve cell protection. Furthermore, recent results revealed another valuable characteristic of these compounds in CNS therapy. By inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, carotenoids promote synaptogenesis and neurogenesis, consequently presenting neuroprotective activity. Therefore, this paper focuses on the carotenoids obtained from marine sources and their impact on neuroplasticity enhancement.     

Fucoxanthin,a Marine-Derived Carotenoid from Brown Seaweeds and Microalgae: A Promising Bioactive Compound for Cancer Therapy

Fucoxanthin is a well-known carotenoid of the xanthophyll family, mainly produced by marine organisms such as the macroalgae of the fucus genus or microalgae such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Fucoxanthin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but also several anticancer effects. Fucoxanthin induces cell growth arrest, apoptosis, and/or autophagy in several cancer cell lines as well as in animal models of cancer. Fucoxanthin treatment leads to the inhibition of metastasis-related migration, invasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. Fucoxanthin also affects the DNA repair pathways, which could be involved in the resistance phenotype of tumor cells. Moreover, combined treatments of fucoxanthin, or its metabolite fucoxanthinol, with usual anticancer treatments can support conventional therapeutic strategies by reducing drug resistance. This review focuses on the current knowledge of fucoxanthin with its potential anticancer properties, showing that fucoxanthin could be a promising compound for cancer therapy by acting on most of the classical hallmarks of tumor cells.     

Fucoxanthin Prevents Pancreatic Tumorigenesis in C57BL/6J Mice That Received Allogenic and Orthotopic Transplants of Cancer Cells

Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a marine carotenoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties in various animal models of carcinogenesis. However, there is currently no information on the effects of Fx in animal models of pancreatic cancer. We investigated the chemopreventive effects of Fx in C57BL/6J mice that received allogenic and orthotopic transplantations of cancer cells (KMPC44) derived from a pancreatic cancer murine model (Ptf1a^Cre/+; LSL-kras^G12D/+). Using microarray, immunofluorescence, western blot, and siRNA analyses, alterations in cancer-related genes and protein expression were evaluated in pancreatic tumors of Fx-administered mice. Fx administration prevented the adenocarcinoma (ADC) development of pancreatic and parietal peritoneum tissues in a pancreatic cancer murine model, but not the incidence of ADC. Gene and protein expressions showed that the suppression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21)/chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) axis, its downstream of Rho A, B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), N-cadherin, αSMA, pFAK(Tyr³⁹⁷), and pPaxillin(Tyr³¹) were significantly suppressed in the pancreatic tumors of mice treated with Fx. In addition, Ccr7 knockdown significantly attenuated the growth of KMPC44 cells. These results suggest that Fx is a promising candidate for pancreatic cancer chemoprevention that mediates the suppression of the CCL21/CCR7 axis, BTLA, tumor microenvironment, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and adhesion.     

岩藻黄素产业化技术研究进展

岩藻黄素（Fucoxanthin）,又称岩藻黄质、褐藻黄质、褐藻黄素,是一种具有抗氧化活性的天然类胡萝卜素,主要来源于褐藻、微藻（如微藻、金藻）等海洋藻类。岩藻黄素具有较大的市场开发潜力,但产业化程度较低,针对这一问题,该文首先概述了岩藻黄素物化特性及抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗肥胖、抗炎等功能特性,并对岩藻黄素生产的上游开发和下游加工技术研究现状进行综述性介绍,详细介绍了岩藻黄素的上游开发（生物合成途径、生产藻类筛选、培养方法及条件）和下游加工技术（提取纯化方法、稳态化制剂、产品生产技术）,指出目前存在的技术瓶颈并提出可能的解决方案,最后分别介绍了岩藻黄素在食品、化妆品和医药等领域的应用现状。该文将为未来岩藻黄素产业化技术研究提供借鉴价值。     

The allenic carotenoid fucoxanthin, a novel marine nutraceutical from brown seaweeds

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are pathologies with rapidly growing prevalence throughout the world. A few molecular targets offer the most hope for anti-obesity and anti-diabetic therapeutics. One of the keys to success will be the induction of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT) and the regulation of cytokine secretions from both abdominal adipose cells and macrophage cells infiltrated into adipose tissue. Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of fucoxanthin, a characteristic carotenoid found in brown seaweeds, have been reported. Nutrigenomic studies reveal that fucoxanthin induces UCP1 in abdominal WAT mitochondria, leading to the oxidation of fatty acids and heat production in WAT. Fucoxanthin improves insulin resistance and decreases blood glucose levels through the regulation of cytokine secretions from WAT. The key structure of carotenoids for the expression of anti-obesity effect is suggested to be the carotenoid end of the polyene chromophore, which contains an allenic bond and two hydroxyl groups.