Photoresponsive peptide and polypeptide systems: part II. Photochromism of poly(l-ornithine) containing various azo-contents in side chains

Poly(L-ornithine)s having various azo-contents in the side chains were synthesized by the water-soluble carbodiimide procedure. The photochemical properties of the polypeptides poly[N^δ-p-(phenylazo)benzoyl-L-ornithine] (PPABLO) containing 3–77 mol% azobenzene were investigated by absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy in hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) or water, and in HFIP-water or methanol-water solvent mixtures. The photochromism of the dichroic bands of the PPABLOs containing 20–77 mol% azobenzene in the visible and ultraviolet wavelength regions was found to be mostly reversible as a function of irradiation time at different wavelengths due to the photostationary state (above 80% trans-cis photoisomerization) of the azo aromatic moieties. The PPABLO containing 3.2 mol% azobenzene in water exhibited conformational changes from random coil to helix by the addition of methanol or sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The photo-induced conformational change was observed in HFIP-water-SDS solvent mixtures, while no conformational change was seen in water and HFIP-water solvent mixtures.     

PACAP-38 in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Humans and Pigs: A Translational Study

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a cardioprotective neuropeptide expressing its receptors in the cardiovascular system. The aim of our study was to examine tissue PACAP-38 in a translational porcine MI model and plasma PACAP-38 levels in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Significantly lower PACAP-38 levels were detected in the non-ischemic region of the left ventricle (LV) in MI heart compared to the ischemic region of MI-LV and also to the Sham-operated LV in porcine MI model. In STEMI patients, plasma PACAP-38 level was significantly higher before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to controls, and decreased after PCI. Significant negative correlation was found between plasma PACAP-38 and troponin levels. Furthermore, a significant effect was revealed between plasma PACAP-38, hypertension and HbA1c levels. This was the first study showing significant changes in cardiac tissue PACAP levels in a porcine MI model and plasma PACAP levels in STEMI patients. These results suggest that PACAP, due to its cardioprotective effects, may play a regulatory role in MI and could be a potential biomarker or drug target in MI.     

Adsorption isotherms of sesame oil in a concentrated miscella system

The adsorption of peroxides, unsaturated carbonyls, free fatty acids and carotenoids from unrefined sesame oil on vegetable carbon (5%, w/w) in a miscella system was studied. Three different solvent conditions (hexane/ethanol, 100:0, 95:5 and 75:25, vol/vol), combined in a factorial design with five levels of solvent (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%, w/w), were used to develop the miscella. Equilibrium adsorption was not achieved during the 100 min of adsorption, mainly because the oil components were involved in oxidation reactions during the adsorption process. However, for a given solvent concentration, adsorption of the oil components showed a significant linear regression on their respective initial concentration in the miscella (C_i). Peroxides and carbonyls showed, at all solvent levels investigated, an affinity for the carbon more independent of their C_i than free fatty acids and carotenoids. In general, at the same C_i, a higher adsorption was achieved as solvent concentration increased. The results indicated that free fatty acid adsorption may depend on competitive adsorption based on molecule hydrophobicity. However, in spite of the higher hydrophobicity of carotenoids, compared with free fatty acids, they might not be competing for the same adsorbing sites. Ethanol showed a prooxidant effect that increased peroxide production during adsorption but did not affect the reaction involved in carbonyl production.     

Lignan contents in sesame seeds and products

Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) is a rich source of furofuran lignans with a wide range of potential biological activities. The major lignans in sesame seeds are the oil‐soluble sesamin and sesamolin, as well as glucosides of sesaminol and sesamolinol that reside in the defatted sesame flour. Upon refining of sesame oil, acid‐catalyzed transformation of sesamin to episesamin and of sesamolin to epimeric sesaminols takes place, making the profile of refined sesame oils different from that of virgin oils. In this study, the total lignan content of 14 sesame seeds ranged between 405 and 1178 mg/100 g and the total lignan content in 14 different products, including tahini, ranged between 11 and 763 mg/100 g. The content of sesamin and sesamolin in ten commercial virgin and roasted sesame oils was in the range of 444–1601 mg/100 g oil. In five refined sesame oils, sesamin ranged between 118 and 401 mg/100 g seed, episesamin between 12 and 206 mg/100 g seed, and the total contents of sesaminol epimers between 5 and 35 mg/100 g seed, and no sesamolin was found. Thus, there is a great variation in the types and amounts of lignans in sesame seeds, seed products and oils. This knowledge is important for nutritionists working on resolving the connection between diet and health. Since the consumption of sesame seed products is increasing steadily in Europe and USA, it is important to include sesame seed lignans in databases and studies pertinent to the nutritional significance of antioxidants and phytoestrogens. It is also important to differentiate between virgin, roasted and refined sesame oils.     

毛细管SDS无胶筛分电泳测定小分子多肽相对分子质量

目的建立快速毛细管SDS无胶筛分电泳法(SDS-NGS),测定小分子多肽相对分子质量。方法涂层毛细管(管长30cm,内径100μm);分离电压为9kV(300V/cm),分离温度为20℃;检测波长为214nm,检测时间为18min;所用SDS-多肽相对分子质量标准范围为2 512~16 949;以橙G(OG)为内标参照物。结果在相对分子质量2512~16949范围内,多肽相对分子质量的对数与其相对迁移率具有良好的线性关系(r=0.996);应用该方法测定了重组人奈西立肽、重组人表皮生长因子、虎纹镇痛肽、重组人心钠肽4种重组小分子多肽的相对分子质量,所测结果变异系数CV均小于3%。结论毛细管SDS无胶筛分电泳方便快速,灵敏度高,重现性好,结果准确,可作为小分子多肽相对分子质量的检测方法。     

Variations in the composition of sterols,tocopherols and lignans in seed oils from fourSesamum species

Seeds from different collections of cultivatedSesamum indicum Linn and three related wild species [specifically,S. alatum Thonn.,S. radiatum Schum & Thonn. andS. angustifolium (Oliv.) Engl.] were studied for their oil contents and fatty acid composition of the total lipids. The oils from wild seeds were characterized by higher percentages of unsaponifiables (4.9, 2.6 and 3.7%, respectively) compared toS. indicum (1.4–1.8%), mainly due to their high contents of lignans. Total sterols accounted forca. 40, 22, 20 and 16% of the unsaponifiables of the four species, respectively. The four species were different in the relative percentages of the three sterol fractions (the desmethyl, monomethyl and dimethyl sterols) and in the percentage composition of each fraction. Campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol and Δ⁵-avenasterol were the major desmethyl sterols, whereas obtusifoliol, gramisterol, cycloeucalenol and citrostandienol were the major monomethyl sterols, and α-amyrin, β-amyrin, cycloartenol and 24-methylene cycloartanol were the main dimethyl sterols in all species. Differences were also observed among the four species in sterol patterns of the free sterols compared to the sterol esters.Sesamum alatum contained less tocopherols (210–320 mg/kg oil), andS. radiatum andS. angustifolium contained more tocopherols (ca. 750 and 800 mg/kg oil, respectively) than didS. indicum (490–680 mg/kg oil). The four species were comparable in tocopherol composition, with γ-tocopherol representing 96–99% of the total tocopherols. The four species varied widely in the identity and levels of the different lignans. The percentages of these lignans in the oils ofS. indicum were sesamin (0.55%) and sesamolin (0.50%).Sesamum alatum showed 1.37% of 2-episesalatin and minor amounts of sesamin and sesamolin (0.01% each).Sesamum radiatum was rich in sesamin (2.40%) and contained minor amounts of sesamolin (0.02%), whereS. angustifolium was rich in sesangolin (3.15%) and also contained considerable amounts of sesamin (0.32%) and sesamolin (0.16%).     

芝麻渣中蛋白质的提取与纯化

采用超声波—微波协同提取法提取芝麻渣中蛋白质,并用超滤法进行纯化.实验考察了影响粗蛋白提取率的固液比、溶液pH值、微波功率、提取时间等因素,确定了最佳提取条件;同时考察了超滤膜的截留分子质量以及压力对超滤效果的影响.结果表明：超声波—微波协同提取最佳条件为超声波功率40 W,固液比1∶20,溶液pH11,微波功率250 W、提取时间90 s,提取率约55.32%;采用10万截留分子质量的超滤膜在0.18 MPa压力下对芝麻渣蛋白质纯化后,蛋白质纯度提高了15.67%.     

酱渣多肽及其美拉德热反应产物的抗氧化性

测定不同水解度（DH）时酱渣多肽及其美拉德反应产物（MRPS）的抗氧化性,结果表明：随反应物浓度增加,两者抗氧化性增强;两者的DPPH.清除率与DH并非呈线性关系;DH〈14.2%时,两者的.OH清除率随DH的升高而降低;两者的还原力变化趋势不同,DH〉12.2%时,酱渣多肽还原力随DH增大逐渐减少,DH〉8.2%时,MRPS的还原力随DH提高逐渐增大.与某些多肽类物质和MRPS相比,酱渣多肽及其MRPS具有较高的抗氧化性和很好的应用价值.     

三氟乙酸对几种植物油的显色反应

以三氟乙酸为显色剂,对芝麻香油、二级棉籽油、三级棉籽油、一级菜籽油、菜籽毛油5种植物油进行显色反应,并在350~700 nm波长进行紫外-可见光谱扫描.结果显示用三氟乙酸做显色剂能够很明显地将这5种植物油区分开来,所显示的颜色分别为:黄绿色、黄橙色、暗红橙色、红紫色、暗红橙色;并且上述5种植物油显色反应后的紫外-可见光谱扫描曲线差别很大,容易区分.     

栅列藻蛋白质提取液促进人子宫颈癌细胞的生长研究

本文采用ＭＴＴ［３（４，５ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｔｈｉａｚｏｌ－２ｙｌ）－２，５ｄｉｐｈｅｎｙｌｔｅｔｒａｚｏｌｉｕｍｂｒｏｍｉｄｅ］快速微量比色技术发现斜生栅列藻（Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓｏｂｌｉｑｕｕｓ）蛋白质提取液可促进动物细胞的生长．在０．５％胎牛血清（ＦＢＳ）的ＲＰＭＩ１６４０培养液中，加入９５μｇ／ｍｌ栅列藻提取液可使人子宫颈癌细胞（ＨｅＬａｃｅｌ）比对照组细胞增殖３倍左右．这种刺激动物细胞生长的活性物质分子量在３５００－８０００道尔顿（ｄａｌｔｏｎｓ）之间，经胰蛋白酶处理或高温处理后均失去活性