PETROLEUM POTENTIAL, THERMAL MATURITY AND THE OIL WINDOW OF OIL SHALES AND COALS IN CENOZOIC RIFT BASINS, CENTRAL AND NORTHERN THAILAND

Oil shales and coals occur in Cenozoic rift basins in central and northern Thailand. Thermally immature outcrops of these rocks may constitute analogues for source rocks which have generated oil in several of these rift basins. A total of 56 oil shale and coal samples were collected from eight different basins and analysed in detail in this study. The samples were analysed for their content of total organic carbon (TOC) and elemental composition. Source rock quality was determined by Rock‐Eval pyrolysis. Reflected light microscopy was used to analyse the organic matter (maceral) composition of the rocks, and the thermal maturity was determined by vitrinite reflectance (VR) measurements. In addition to the 56 samples, VR measurements were carried out in three wells from two oil‐producing basins and VR gradients were constructed. Rock‐Eval screening data from one of the wells is also presented. The oil shales were deposited in freshwater (to brackish) lakes with a high preservation potential (TOC contents up to 44.18 wt%). They contain abundant lamalginite and principally algal‐derived fluorescing amorphous organic matter followed by liptodetrinite and telalginite (Botryococcus‐type). Huminite may be present in subordinate amounts. The coals are completely dominated by huminite and were formed in freshwater mires. VR values from 0.38 to 0.47%R_o show that the exposed coals are thermally immature. VR values from the associated oil shales are suppressed by 0.11 to 0.28%R_o. The oil shales have H/C ratios >1.43, and Hydrogen Index (HI) values are generally >400 mg HC/g TOC and may reach 704 mg HC/ gTOC. In general, the coals have H/C ratios between about 0.80 and 0.90, and the HI values vary considerably from approximately 50 to 300 mg HC/gTOC. The HI_max of the coals, which represent the true source rock potential, range from ～160 to 310 mg HC/g TOC indicating a potential for oil/gas and oil generation. The steep VR curves from the oil‐producing basins reflect high geothermal gradients of ～62°C/km and ～92°C/km. The depth to the top oil window for the oil shales at a VR of ～0.70%R_o is determined to be between ～1100 m and 1800 m depending on the geothermal gradient. The kerogen composition of the oil shales and the high geothermal gradients result in narrow oil windows, possibly spanning only ～300 to 400 m in the warmest basins. The effective oil window of the coals is estimated to start from ～0.82 to 0.98%R_o and burial depths of ～1300 to 1400 m (～92°C/km) and ～2100 to 2300 m (～62°C/km) are necessary for efficient oil expulsion to occur.     

语音信号的线性预测分析在DSP上的优化实现

语音信号的线性预测分析是语音压缩中的一个重要环节，占据语音压缩计算中的大部分时间，为提高语音压缩的速度，在C54x系列DSP上用汇编语言实现了语音信号的线性预测分析，并对其进行优化。最终可以使代码的运行时间减少到原来的5％左右。     

中国石化集团钻井技术现状及展望

随着勘探领域的不断扩大和剩余储量的挖潜，钻井施工存在高陡构造防斜打快、裂缝性地层井漏严重、井壁失稳坍塌、长裸眼小井眼固井、深井小井眼完井、含硫化氢井的井控及防护等难题．中国石化集团通过近几年的技术攻关研究与推广应用，深井超深井钻井、水平井钻井、欠平衡钻井、盐膏层钻井、新型钻井液、保护油气层、固井工艺等技术水平大幅度提高，钻井速度和质量不断提高。介绍了中国石化集团钻井技术的现状，分析了中国石化集团钻井面临的主要技术难点，展望了钻井技术的发展趋势，指出应整合推广应用成熟钻井技术．研究攻克钻井生产中的“瓶颈”技术，进一步开展深井超深井、防斜打快和垂直钻井、超高压喷射、地质导向、分支井复杂井钻井、完井工艺等技术研究，进行连续管钻井、套管钻井、欠平衡钻井完井、智能钻井等前瞻技术研究，以提高中国石化集团的钻井技术水平。     

金刚石膜在真空电子器件输出窗中的应用

综述了金刚石膜的性能和制备方法，着重介绍丁国内外常用的封接工艺，讨论了该材料在mm波器件中的应用前景。     

一种新的直扩超宽带系统快速同步方案

本文提出了一种新的基于能量窗的直扩超宽带系统码片同步方法，通过设计具有重复特性的码来提高能量窗的信噪比，从向可以较为准确地获得码片同步，并将窗口中的信息作为接收端本地信号与接收信号进行匹配接收，这样可以存未知接收信号相位的情况下有效地接收多径能量，提高接收信噪比。在完成码片同步之后再进一步进行PN码的相位同步，这里以线性搜索为例分析得到超宽带信号总的平均同步时间，并与现有的超宽带同步方案进行了比较，新方案将信号捕获分成两部分完成，大大降低了超宽带信号捕获时间。     

Comparative Study of Different Adaptive Window Protocols

We study an Adaptive Window Protocol (AWP) with general increase and decrease profiles in the presence of window dependent random losses. We derive a steady-state Kolmogorov equation, and then obtain its solution in analytic form for particular TCP versions proposed for high speed networks, such as Scalable TCP and HighSpeed TCP. We also relate window evolution under an AWP to workload process in queueing systems; this observation gives us a way to compare various AWP protocols.     

膏盐岩地层地质特征与录井技术

石油勘探实践和研究结果表明，许多油气藏的形成都与膏盐岩地层有关，也常与膏盐岩地层伴生，成功钻穿膏盐岩地层是钻井难题之一，录井技术成为钻进安全监测、膏盐岩地层准确预报的重要手段。针对上述情况，介绍了膏盐岩地层的主要类型、沉积模式以及与油气的关系，归纳总结了膏盐岩地层的录井技术经验，包括：在随钻录井过程中熟悉地质设计与邻井资料；在没有预测钻遇膏盐岩地层的情况下，通过钻井液中Cl^-的变化判定是否钻遇膏盐岩地层；预计钻遇膏盐岩地层时，使用饱和盐水钻井液；钻遇膏盐岩地层后观察盐岩是否以岩屑形式返出；同时，把握膏盐岩地层的岩性、岩性组合、层位、顶底界和厚度是非常重要的。通过S1井实例分析，论述了在膏盐岩地层中钻进时，防卡、防漏是录井人员监测和预报的重点。     

微机系统窗口图形用户界面管理系统的设计与实现

计算机用户接口设计是计算机应用系统的一个重要发展方向。本文在论述了用户接口设计的理论与实现方法的基础上，设计并生成了一个在微机系统上运行的用户界面管理系统：ＷＧ－ＵＩＭＳ，该系统现于３８６档微机上，以ＭＩＣＲＯＳＯＦＴ ＷＩＮＤＯＷＳ３．０为支持环境，是一个集文字、图形为一体的ＵＩＭＳ。文中着重对ＷＧ－ＵＩＭＳ中的接口生成工作的设计思想、理论原型、实现过程及关键性数据结构等进行了论述。     

基于DOS的多窗口系统的设计与实现

窗口系统是人机交互的基本环境，与目前ＤＯＳ上的窗口系统相比，本文力求突出高效，低开销，具有多任务模拟能力，满足可移植性，实用性和开放性目标，本文首先提出一个基于ＤＯＳ的多窗口系统ＷＩＮＤ的总体设计，采用面向对象技术，讨论了其多窗口管理机制的特征和方法，并设计和实现了该系统相关的基本工具，最后通过编程环境、界面风格和应用实例等进一步介绍该窗口系统的应用接口。     

Passive solar systems for heating, daylighting and ventilation for rooms without an equator-facing facade

Spaces without northerly orientations have an impact on the ‘energy behaviour’ of a building. This paper outlines possible energy savings and better performance achieved by different zenithal solar passive strategies (skylights, roof monitors and clerestory roof windows) and element arrangements across the roof in zones of cold to temperate climates typical of the central and central-southern Argentina. Analyses were undertaken considering daylighting, thermal and ventilation performances of the different strategies. The results indicate that heating, ventilation and lighting loads in spaces without an equator-facing facade can be significantly reduced by implementing solar passive strategies. In the thermal aspect, the solar saving fraction reached for the different strategies were averaged 43.16% for clerestories, 41.4% for roof monitors and 38.86% for skylights for a glass area of 9% to the floor area. The results also indicate average illuminance levels above 500 lux for the different clerestory and monitor arrangements, uniformity ratios of 0.66–0.82 for the most distributed arrangements and daylighting factors between 11.78 and 20.30% for clear sky conditions, depending on the strategy. In addition, minimum air changes rates of 4 were reached for the most extreme conditions.