基于多自由度气动机械手位置伺服系统稳定性控制研究

基于传统易碎薄板机械手位置伺服控制系统稳定性低、自动化分拣效率低等不足,设计了一种基于笛卡尔坐标式的气动码垛机器手和位置伺服稳定性控制系统。首先,设计并介绍笛卡尔坐标式码垛机械手的基本组成结构,对机械手末端吸盘气动回路控制系统进行设计和分析;然后分别对机械手X、Y、Z三个方向的伺服电机控制原理进行分析并设计了一种位置伺服系统的前馈自适应控制算法;最后,将传统位置闭环PID算法和前馈自适应控制算法进行位置跟踪稳定性对比试验。实验结果表明该笛卡尔坐标式的气动码垛机器手和位置伺服稳定性控制系统设计合理,满足实际生产要求。     

轻量级电驱水下机械臂设计与运动学分析

设计了一款四功能水下机械臂，并对驱动关节进行了模块化设计和密封测试。为了保证水下机械臂的可靠性，在水下机械臂水下测试前，进行了强度校核和模态分析。为了验证水下机械臂的性能，通过 Ｄ- Ｈ法建立了其运动学模型，在此基础上分别进行了正、逆运动学分析。此外还采用蒙特卡洛法，在正运动学分析的基础上研究了工作空间特点。研究结果将为进一步的运动控制提供有益的帮助。     

基于粒子群优化算法的五自由度机械臂轨迹规划

为了让机械臂的工作时间达到最优,以自主研发的抛光机器人样机为研究对象,针对手表表壳表耳部分的抛光过程,提出PSO算法对五自由度机械臂轨迹规划进行优化,并通过MATLAB软件进行机械臂的仿真与分析。仿真结果表明,基于PSO算法的轨迹规划使机械臂在工作过程中加加速度不会产生突变,运动轨迹精度高,机械臂工作时间达到最优。     

Optimal design of nonlinear model predictive controller based on new modified multitracker optimization algorithm

The controller design for the robotic manipulator faces different challenges such as the system's nonlinearities and the uncertainties of the parameters. Furthermore, the tracking of different linear and nonlinear trajectories represents a vital role by the manipulator. This paper suggests an optimal design for the nonlinear model predictive control (NLMPC) based on a new improved intelligent technique and it is named modified multitracker optimization algorithm (MMTOA). The proposed modification of the MTOA is carried out based on opposition-based learning (OBL) and quasi OBL approaches. This modification improves the exploration behavior of the MTOA to prevent it from becoming trapped in a local optimum. The proposed method is applied on the robotic manipulator to track different linear and nonlinear trajectories. The NLMPC parameters are tuned by the MMTOA rather than the trial and error method of the designer. The proposed NLMPC based on MMTOA is compared with the original MTOA, genetic algorithm, and cuckoo search algorithm in literature. The superiority and effectiveness of the proposed controller are confirmed to track different linear and nonlinear trajectories. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed method is emphasized against the uncertainties of the parameters.     

平面结构冗余并联机构的误差敏感度分析

针对一种含闭环支链的平面结构冗余并联机构进行误差敏感度分析。分析了该机构的逆运动学和正运动学。基于矩阵法建立了机构的误差模型，并通过反解、正解结合的方法对该误差模型进行了验证。基于误差模型，得到了评价机构误差敏感度的指标，绘制了各指标在工作空间内的等值线图。基于误差敏感度指标，定义了低误差敏感性工作空间，绘制了低误差敏感性工作空间在工作空间中的分布图。与平面3-RRR并联机构进行了误差敏感度对比分析。结果表明，该机构的低误差敏感性工作空间占比较大，同时可以通过调节其冗余支链不断扩大低误差敏感性工作空间，使机构在大范围空间中保持低误差敏感性。     

粗轧机前推床同步拉杆断裂的分析与改进

通过对机前推床同步拉杆的受力分析及强度计算，查找出了造成拉杆断裂的原因，并提出了解决拉杆断裂的具体措施。     

Decentralized adaptive coordinated control of multiple robot arms without using a force sensor

This paper presents a distributed adaptive coordinated control method for multiple robot arms grasping a common object. The cases of rigid contact and rolling contact are analyzed. In the proposed controller, the dynamic parameters of both object and robot arms are estimated adaptively. The desired motions of the robot arms are generated by an estimated object reference model. The control method requires only the measurements of the positions and velocities of the object and robot arms, but not the measurements of forces and moments at contact points. The asymptotic convergence of trajectory is proven by the Lyapunov-like Lemma. Experiments involving two robot arms handling a common object are shown.     

Nonholonomic Mobile Manipulators: Kinematics, Velocities and Redundancies

We consider nonholonomic mobile manipulators built from an n _a joint robotic arm and a nonholonomic mobile platform with two independently driven wheels. Actually, there is no efficient kinematic formalism for these systems which are generally characterized by their high number of actuators. So, kinematic modelling is presented with particular emphasis on redundancy. Whereas kinematic redundancy is well known in the holonomic case, it is pointed out that it is necessary to define velocity redundancy in the case of nonholonomic systems. Reduced velocity kinematics based on quasi-velocities are shown to provide an efficient formalism. Two examples of mobile manipulators are presented. Finally, reduced velocity kinematics and velocity redundancy are shown to be adequate tools in order to realize operational task while optimizing criteria such as manipulability.     

基于旋量和臂形标志的机器人运动学逆解计算

讨论了用旋量和指数积公式计算PUMA类型6自由度机器人运动学逆解的方法。在子问题的计算过程中，通过引入臂形标志来选取关节变量的合理解，以得到运动学逆解的唯一解。这种方法避免了对无效解的计算，可以减少计算量，提高计算效率。通过一个实验机器人的运动学逆解计算验证了算法的有效性。     

机械手工作空间分析

研究平面双杆、三杆及漂浮基座机械手工作空间。得到使工作空间最大的优化条件，在三杆机械手的讨论中运用了Lagrange条件极值法。所得结果对机械手设计分析具有一定的指导意义，文章附有计算图线。