橡胶用无机填料的红外光谱分析

用红外光谱仪分析滑石粉、碳酸钙、白炭黑和高岭土等常见橡胶用无机填料的结构和组成。红外光谱仪能快捷地分析出无机填料的特征吸收峰,鉴别产品真伪,是企业严把无机填料质量关的重要检测手段。     

煤矸石盐酸浸溶出铝铁的动力学研究（英文）

The extraction of aluminum from coal mining waste (CMW) is an important industrial process. The two major problems in applications are low aluminum dissolution efficiency and high iron content in the raw material, which affect the quantity and quality of products. To improve the aluminum recovery process, the leaching kinet-ics of CMW with hydrochloric acid was studied. A shrinking core model was used to investigate aluminum and iron dissolution kinetics. Based on the kinetic characteristics, a process for recovering aluminum was proposed and tested experimental y. It is found that the aluminum leaching reaction is controlled by surface reaction at low temperatures (40–80 °C) and by diffusion process at higher temperatures (90–106 °C). The iron dissolution process is dominated by surface reaction at 40–100 °C. The results show that iron could be dissolved or separated by concentrated hydrochloric acid. Fine grinding wil improve aluminum dissolution significantly.     

焦炉煤气HPF法脱硫工艺比较

简要介绍了国内焦化厂应用最多的HPF法脱硫工艺。针对HPF法脱硫工艺中高塔再生工艺、槽式喷射氧化再生工艺及一塔式脱硫三种工艺,从脱硫效果、占地、投资、运行费用、能耗及检修工作量等方面进行了对比分析,指出:在占地、运行费用极具受限的企业可选一塔式脱硫工艺;高塔再生工艺脱硫效果最稳定,首次投资稍高但其能耗、运行费及检修工作量均低于槽式喷射再生工艺,是目前HPF法脱硫工艺中最好的选择。     

栲胶脱硫工艺中含硫副产物生成的热力学分析

采用热力学方法研究了栲胶脱硫工艺中HS-与钒的反应机理和副反应的吉布斯自由能变。研究结果表明,脱硫液中五价钒主要是以HV2O3-7形式存在,四价钒主要是以V4O2-9形式存在。HS-与五价钒反应可瞬间生成多硫离子S2-x,然后S2-x转化为单质硫。在栲胶脱硫工艺的操作温度下,HS-和S2-x与氧气作用均可生成副产物,但S2-x比HS-活泼,更易发生副反应,且S2-x中x的值越小越活泼。在S2-x转化为副产物S2O2-3的过程中,温度越高,越有利于副反应的发生。对栲胶脱硫工艺而言,S2-x是生成副产物的活性中间产物,因此,栲胶脱硫液在进入再生系统前,应使S2-x尽可能多地转化为S8结构。     

当归挥发油对人肺腺癌GLC-82细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的: 探讨当归挥发油对人肺腺癌GLC-82细胞增殖及凋亡的作用。方法: MTT比色法检测当归挥发油对GLC-82细胞的细胞毒作用;流式细胞术检测GLC-82细胞凋亡;吖啶橙/溴化乙锭（AO/BE）双荧光染色法观察GLC 82细胞凋亡。结果: 当归挥发油在浓度6.25～200 μg/mL范围内对GLC-82细胞的增殖具有浓度依赖性抑制作用,对GLC-82细胞的IC50为113.03 μg/mL。流式细胞术检测结果表明,当归挥发油可诱导GLC-82细胞凋亡、坏死,且细胞凋亡、坏死率随药物浓度增高而升高。AO/BE双荧光染色法结果显示,用药组随着药物浓度的升高,细胞结构固缩加重,凋亡、坏死细胞增多。结论: 当归挥发油具有诱导GLC-82细胞凋亡的作用。     

面向城市设计的行人高度城市风环境评价准则与方法

行人高度城市风环境是城市生态 环境的重要组成部分之一,是绿色城市设计 需要考虑的因素之一。在城市设计阶段进行 科学合理的行人高度城市风环境评价具有 重要的意义。尽管国际上已有多种行人高度 城市风环境评价准则,但均不适用于城市设 计阶段使用。通过对已有研究成果的分析, 建立了基于城市空间分析的行人高度城市风 环境评价准则和方法,综合考虑了机械舒 适度、安全性、风速放大系数、行人对风环 境的主观容忍程度等要素,并提出了处理风 环境特有的随机性的办法。     

表面处理对CF/PA66复合材料磨损性能的影响

采用电化学氧化法和氨气法分别对碳纤维(CF)进行表面处理后,用双螺杆挤出机共混造粒和注塑成型制备CF/PA66复合材料,研究了表面处理对CF/PA66复合材料磨损性能的影向。结果表明:随着CF含量的增加,CF/PA66复合材料的耐磨损性能提高;对CF进行表面处理,可提高CF/PA66复合材料的耐磨损性能,氨气法得到的CF/PA66复合材料的耐磨损性能优于电化学氧化法,当添加CF质量分数为15%时,其体积磨损速率比电化学氧化法的约降低48%。     

Contribution of Streptomyces in sediment to earthy odor in the overlying water in Xionghe Reservoir, China

Musty and earthy odors frequently characterize the source water and fish of the Xionghe Reservoir in China. Although odorous compounds and odor-producing cyanobacteria have been analyzed in surface water, potential odorants in sediments and their contribution to the water body have remained uninvestigated. In this study, we examined the odorous compounds and possible odor-producers in the sediments and overlying water of Xionghe Reservoir from November 2007 to October 2008. High concentrations of geosmin (up to 5280.1 ng kg⁻¹ dw⁻¹) were detected in sediments, and eight strains of Streptomyces isolated from sediments were verified as producers of geosmin and/or 2-MIB in M liquid medium by HSPME-GC-MS. Geosmin concentrations in the overlying water were correlated with those in the sediments (r = 0.838, p < 0.05). In vitro studies showed that geosmin in the overlying water was released from the sediment, and that within 12 days the amount released from the sediment was 21.4–51.4%. Concentrations of geosmin in sediments were positively correlated with organic matter (r = 0.642, p < 0.01), total nitrogen (r = 0.606, p < 0.01) and Chl a (r = 0.674, p < 0.01), and were negatively associated with temperature (r = −0.425, p < 0.05). This study indicates that odorous compounds that are released from sediments should be taken into account when assessing the sources of these odorants in waters.     

不同气氛烧结镨掺杂BaTiO_3的介电性能

用传统固相反应法,在氮气和空气气氛中烧结制备Ba1–xPrxTiO3(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,摩尔分数)陶瓷样品。用X射线衍射和扫描电镜表征样品的结构和形貌,并测试样品的电性能,结果表明:当x=0.02时,样品的相对介电常数随温度的变化较平缓,但是空气气氛中烧结样品的相对介电常数较氮气气氛中烧结样品的大;镨离子掺杂样品的相对介电常数随偏压的变化也较稳定。当x=0.02时,氮气气氛烧结样品的电可调率为19.4%;镨离子掺杂样品的铁电性下降,剩余极化强度为0.5683mC/cm2。