建构语言的“诗情画意” 苏州东湖09号会所

维思平(WSP)建筑设计公司是近几年在国内建筑设计界比较活跃的一个由“海归派“组成的设计事务所,成立时间不长,但是已经完成了一批具有特色的建筑项目。WSP的设计主要是居住和公建等一般性建筑,但完全没有商业性事务所的夸张形式,     

Electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization by means of osmium tetroxide complexes and protective oligonucleotides

We have utilized protective oligonucleotides to modify DNA fragments with osmium tetroxide complexes without compromising their ability to hybridize with immobilized thiol-linked probe-SAMs on gold electrodes. Due to reversible voltammetric signals of Os(VI/IV), this method allowed sensitive electrochemical hybridization detection of short (25 bases) and long (120 bases) thymine-containing DNA targets. The detection limit was 3.2 nM for the long target. We found an optimum 40 degrees C hybridization temperature for the short target. No interference by noncomplementary DNA was observed. At least 10 repetitive hybridization experiments at the same probe-SAM were possible with thermal denaturation in between. Such use of protective strands could be useful also for other types of DNA recognition and even for other DNA-modifying agents. Moreover, it is possible to produce electrochemically active oligonucleotides (targets and reporter probes) in ones own laboratory in a simple way.     

Kinetic gas-water transfer and gas accumulation in porous media during pulsed oxygen sparging

Gas-water mass transfer and the transport of dissolved gases in variably saturated porous media are key processes for in-situ remediation by pulsed gas sparging. In this context, gas dissolution tests were conducted during pulsed oxygen gas injection into sand columns. The columns were recharged with anoxic water, effluents were analyzed for dissolved O2, and tracer tests were performed to detect accumulation of trapped gas. In a second series oxygen gas was blended with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and O2 and SF6 breakthrough curves were recorded. To interpret experimental results, a numerical model was applied that simulates multi-species kinetic mass transfer during gas dissolution. The model predicted breakthrough curves of dissolved gas species and delivered spatially resolved values for gas phase accumulation and composition, which are not directly accessible experimentally. It was shown how dissolved nitrogen accumulates increasingly in trapped gas phase and inhibits its complete dissolution, in case the pulsed gas injections were operated based on O2 breakthrough only. Accumulation of nitrogen also retarded dissolved oxygen transport and thus oxygen breakthrough. Experiments plus modeling demonstrated that SF6 measurements are highly sensitive to the gas dissolution processes, and provide a more sensitive criterion for determining gas injection frequencies during pulsed biosparging.     

TRANSFORMATION OF RETAINED AUSTENITE IN CARBURIZED CASE DURING FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH

The morphology of the retained austenite in the carburized case of 20CrNiMo steel and itstransformation during fatigue crack propagation through the case were investigated by usingX-ray and TEM analysis.In the carburized case both film and block shaped retainedaustenite were found.Due to the crystallographic orientation relationship at the interface,thefatigue crack is inclined to pass through the block shaped retained austenite and thereby stim-ulates its strain-induced martensitie transformation.During the process of the fatigue frac-ture,most of the retained austenite structures on the crack path are transformed into themartensite,and the untranaformed parts on the fracture surface remain less than 6%.Thetransformation of the retained austenite,which is restrieted mainly within the plastic zone,oc-curs only during the proeess of fracture,and is independent of the magnitudes of the externalstress,stress ratio and cyclic number.The volume expansion accompanying the transforma-tion creates an additional residual displacement of about 0.44μm on fracture surfaces,whichis equivalent to the magnitude of the plasticity-induced residual displacement.The phasetransformation induced fatigue crack closure is believed to be an important factor affectingthe fatigue crack behaviors in the high carbon laver of the carburized case.     

CYCLIC DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF ZIRCALOY-4 AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

ＣＹＣＬＩＣＤＥＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＢＥＨＡＶＩＯＲＯＦＺＩＲＣＡＬＯＹ－４ＡＴＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＳ￥ＸＩＡＯＬｉｎ;ＧＵＨａｉｃｈｅｎｇ;ＫＵＡＮＧＺｈｅｎｂａｎｇ（Ｘｉ＇ａｎＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ｍ...     

Experimental and numerical demonstration of hierarchical time-delay reservoir computing based on cascaded VCSELs with feedback and multiple injections

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate experimentally and numerically a hierarchical timedelay optical reservoir computing(RC) system based on cascaded vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs) with feedback and multiple injections. The prediction performance characteristics of the hierarchical time-delay RC system based on cascaded VCSELs under different reservoir layers are compared.Evidently, the prediction performance of the hierarchical time-delay RC system is first improved and sa...     

一石二鸟——“教学即研究”及当今研究型大学中设计教师的角色转变

针对当今的研究型大学中设计教师正面临的二选一的事业发展困境,即要么继续追求设计的兴趣,要么转去自己并不擅长的学术研究,提出“一石二鸟”的发展策略,“一石”就是设计教学,即设计教师的本职工作,“二鸟”就是教学和研究,即大学对教师的基本要求.其关键是将设计工作室教学作为一种特殊的学术研究,即由设计教学引发的研究应该能够强化而不是削弱设计学科.这样的一种发展策略既挑战大学对学术研究的通常定义也非出自建筑学的传统,故需要仔细论证.     

富氮气调——磷化氢的可供替换技术（中英文）

在粮食储藏上利用氮气的方法已经有30 多年的历史,但直到最近经济有效的变压吸附（PSA）和膜分离（MS）制氮设备的出现,才使得该技术在储粮上使用成为可能。本研究首先在25、30和35 ℃、99%、98%和97%氮气的环境下,对小麦、大麦、燕麦、羽扇豆和油菜籽中的花斑皮蠹、赤拟谷盗、谷蠹和米象成虫和非成虫虫态进行了为期4、3和2周的实验室生物测定。然后在终端用户Lake Grace和CBH（Cooperative BulkHandling）谷物进出口公司Albany 出口港码头开展实仓验证,测定小麦、大麦和油菜籽中不同储粮害虫虫种和油菜籽瓢虫和肖叶甲类两种田间害虫的防治效果。同时对处理后的粮食品质进行了测定。实验结果表明,害虫死亡率随着氧气浓度降低、暴露时间和温度的增加而增加,富氮低氧在低温条件下不能100%致死花斑皮蠹幼虫。氮气处理对磷化氢抗性和敏感品系储粮害虫防治效果没有差异。与其他粮种相比,在油菜籽中的防治效果更好。各种粮种的水分含量、蛋白质、含油量、淀粉和籽粒颜色品质指标均未受到影响。成功开发了富氮低氧商业规模应用模式,为磷化氢高抗性害虫治理提供了解决方案,满足市场日益增长对无害虫和无化学残留粮食的需求。     

Probabilistic verification of hierarchical leader election protocol in dynamic systems

Leader election protocols are fundamental for coordination problems—such as consensus—in distributed computing. Recently, hierarchical leader election protocols have been proposed for dynamic systems where processes can dynamically join and leave, and no process has global information. However, quantitative analysis of such protocols is generally lacking. In this paper, we present a probabilistic model checking based approach to verify quantitative properties of these protocols. Particularly, we employ the compositional technique in the style of assume-guarantee reasoning such that the sub-protocols for each of the two layers are verified separately and the correctness of the whole protocol is guaranteed by the assume-guarantee rules. Moreover, within this framework we also augment the proposed model with additional features such as rewards. This allows the analysis of time or energy consumption of the protocol. Experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.     

A rate-dependent Prandtl-Ishlinskii model for piezoelectric actuators using the dynamic envelope function based play operator

In this paper, a novel rate-dependent Prandtl-Ishlinskii (P-I) model is proposed to characterize the rate-dependent hysteresis nonlinearity of piezoelectric actuators. The new model is based on a modified rate-dependent play operator, in which a dynamic envelope function is introduced to replace the input function of the classical play operator. Moreover, a dynamic density function is utilized in the proposed P-I model. The parameters of the proposed model are identified by a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, experiments are conducted on a piezo-actuated nanopositioning stage to validate the proposed P-I model under the sinusoidal inputs. The experimental results show that the developed rate-dependent P-I model precisely characterize the rate-dependent hysteresis loops up to 1000 Hz.