Development of a simple model for batch and boundary information updation for a similar ship’s block model

In early 2000,large domestic shipyards introduced shipbuilding 3D computer-aided design (CAD) to the hull production design process to define manufacturing and assembly information.The production design process accounts for most of the man-hours (M/H) of the entire design process and is closely connected to yard production because designs must take into account the production schedule of the shipyard,the current state of the dock needed to mount the ship’s block,and supply information.Therefore,many shipyards are investigating the complete automation of the production design process to reduce the M/H for designers.However,these problems are still currently unresolved,and a clear direction is needed for research on the automatic design base of manufacturing rules,batches reflecting changed building specifications,batch updates of boundary information for hull members,and management of the hull model change history to automate the production design process.In this study,a process was developed to aid production design engineers in designing a new ship’s hull block model from that of a similar ship previously built,based on AVEVA Marine.An automation system that uses the similar ship’s hull block model is proposed to reduce M/H and human errors by the production design engineer.First,scheme files holding important information were constructed in a database to automatically update hull block model modifications.Second,for batch updates,the database’s table,including building specifications and the referential integrity of a relational database were compared.In particular,this study focused on reflecting the frequent modification of building specifications and regeneration of boundary information of the adjacent panel due to changes in a specific panel.Third,the rollback function is proposed in which the database (DB) is used to return to the previously designed panels.     

Electron beam deposition and characterization of thin film Ti-Ni for shape memory applications

Thin film of Ti-Ni alloy has a potential to perform the microactuation functions required in the microelectromechanical system (MEMS).It is essential, however, to have good uniformity in both chemical composition and thickness to realize its full potential as an active component of MEMS devices.Electron beam evaporation technique was employed in this study to fabricate the thin films of Ti-Ni alloy on different substrates.The targets used for the evaporation were first prepared by electron beam melting.The uniformity of composition and microstructure of the thin films were characterized by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The mechanical property of the thin films was evaluated by the nano-indentation test.The martensitic transformation temperature was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).It is confirmed that the chemical composition of deposited thin films is identical to that of the target materials.Furthermore, results from depth profiling of the chemical composition variation reveal that the electron beam evaporation process yields better compositional homogeneity than other conventional methods such as sputtering and thermal evaporation.Microstructural observation by TEM shows that nanometer size precipitates are preferentially distributed along the grain boundaries of a few micron size grains.The hardness and elastic modulus of thin films decreases with an increase in Ti contents.     

感知风险对大学生网购服装满意度的影响

针对网购感知风险对大学生网购服装满意度影响关系,通过文献分析将网购感知风险要因划分为经济风险、性能风险、社会心理风险、隐私风险和时间风险5个下位要因,同时将满意度要因划分为产品满意度和使用满意度,在此基础上设定研究假设模型、编制问卷并展开调研.SPSS信度检验表明,感知风险的信度为0.812～0.898,满意度的信度为0.859～0.871.SPSS因子探索性分析结果表明:性能风险对感知风险的贡献率最大,为3.312;产品满足对满意度的贡献率最大,为2.232.AMOS验证表明:经济风险对产品满足的路径系数为0.22,关系显著;性能风险对满意度路径系数分别为0.68、0.81,关系显著;时间风险对满意度路径系数分别为0.20、0.51,关系显著;隐私风险对满意度路径系数分别为0.25、0.19,关系显著;其他假设关系不显著.研究结果可以为服装网购商城运营者提供顾客管理、产品构成和营销战略等参考.     

THE EFFECT OF FURNACE ATMOSPHERE DUE TO COMBUSTION UPON HYDROGEN CONTENT IN LIQUID STEEL

<正> 在炼钢过程中,炉气中水汽是钢液中含氢的主要来源。就平炉而言,除了空气湿度和炼钢原材料带入炉中的水分以外,还有煤气燃烧生成的水汽。根据过去的研究结果,由于空气湿度直接或间接引起的水汽分压,一般波动于0.01—0.08个大气压之间,而煤气燃烧废气中的水汽分压则经常在0.1个大气压以上,有时甚至可以超过0.2     

铜元素和退火温度对TRIP冷轧钢板组织和力学性能的影响

将含铜和不含铜的两种TRIP钢板(0．2％C、1．5％Si、1．5％Mn)冷轧至1mm厚，然后分别在750℃、760℃、770℃、780℃下退火5min，最后在450℃等温3min，获得了不同含量和不同稳定性的残留奥氏体。金相和力学性能试验结果表明，铜元素能提高残留奥氏体量和钢板的力学性能；退火温度影响残留奥氏体量和力学性能，当退火温度选择在Ac1 10％时可获得最佳的力学性能。     

THE LOSS OF NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS IN STEEL DURING ELECTROLYTIC SEPARATION

<正> 电解法分离钢中的非金属夹杂物已被确定为比较适合的方法之一,在苏联、我国以及有些别的国家都正广泛地采用着;可是最近Баталин和Розенфелд在考察电解法分离非金属夹杂物的准确性和适用性时,他们以硫酸亚铁为电解液,用铂作阳极,以纯MnO及流钢砖中渣膜作夹杂物,测出在电解过程中的损失量,最后得到的结果是前者几乎全部补溶解了,而后者的损失量也是很严重的,其中被溶解的MnO也达1/3以上。这个事实是不是就说明了电解分离钢中的夹杂物非常不可靠了呢,我们有进一步研究的必要。本文的目的仅说明非金属夹杂物在电解分离过程中被溶解的情形,但不能用以肯定电解分离及分析是完全可靠的,因为其中的其他步骤(如破坏碳化物)还可能引起严重的损失,我们还须要更深入的进行研究。     

DISTRIBUTION OF NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS IN RIMMING STEEL INGOTS

本文根据鞍山钢铁公司沸腾钢的四种浇铸方案(一般,造渣,模口加盖,模口加盖铸完压板),在非金属夹杂物的类型和分布方面进行了金相的观察。结果指出,各种类型夹杂物都有它分布的特点。在这四种方案所浇铸的钢锭中基本上是一致的;惟在上述后三种操作方法所铸出的钢锭的上部发现沿晶粒间界析出的网状氧化物,可能影响钢锭的质量。文中就各种夹杂物的分布的特点进行了讨论,并对沸腾铜的生产提出了几点建议。     

AN INVESTIGATION OF DEOXIDATION PROCESSES IN THE SMELTING OF RAIL-STEEL

本文结合生产,对鞍钢大型碱性平炉冶炼重轨钢的脱氧问题进行了试验。结果指出,在炉池内加脱氧剂进行预先脱氧的重轨成品含氧化物夹杂较少,尤以全部采用矽锰合金做炉池内脱氧剂的效果最佳,而在炉池内不加任何脱氧剂的重轨成品含氧化物夹杂量最多,后者往往超过前者一倍以上。重轨钢合硫一般达0.03—(0.04%,其中硫化物夹杂量与氧化物夹杂量相若,有时甚至达到后者的两倍。在这种情况下,决定钢的机械性能的主要因素是硫化物而不是氧化物,因此不同脱氧方法对重轨成品机械性能的影响不显著。在上述工作中,对重轨成品中氧化物夹杂的形状和大小也进行了分析,并指出在某些情况下铜液含氧量与铜成品中氧化物夹杂数量存在着相适应的关系。     

回转窑轮带在受接触力时的非线性有限元仿真

用有限元非线性分析方法，建立回转窑轮带和托轮接触有限元分析模型；并通过编程计算出轮带和托轮的最佳接触刚度；通过仿真，可绘出整个轮带的应力分布图和变形图。与理论算法比较，此方法所得结果更直接，观察结果更方便，且与理论结果很相近。     

鼓泡床内气泡-液体两相湍流代数应力模型的数值模拟

现有的气泡 -液体两相流动的数值模拟中 ,或者不考虑湍流 ,或者仅仅考虑液体湍流 ,但是直接模拟和PIV测量结果都表明气泡由于尾迹的作用有强烈的湍流脉动 .本文首次推导和封闭了同时模拟气泡湍流脉动和液体湍流脉动的二阶矩输运方程两相湍流模型 ,并在此基础上建立了代数应力气泡 -液体两相湍流模型 .用代数应力模型模拟了二维矩形断面鼓泡床内气泡 -液体两相流动 .预报结果给出了气泡和液体两相速度场、两相Reynolds应力及湍动能分布和气泡体积分数分布 .模拟结果与PIV测量结果符合很好 ,表明了模型的合理性 .研究结果表明 ,原先静止的液体在气泡因浮力而产生的上升运动的作用下产生回流流动 ,而气泡则只有上升运动 .气泡速度始终大于液体速度 .在床内气泡湍流脉动确实始终很强烈 .液体则由于气泡的作用以及自身速度梯度产生的双重作用而发生湍流脉动 .气泡的脉动显著地大于液体的脉动 .两相湍流脉动都是各向异性的 ,而且气泡湍流脉动的各向异性比液体的更强烈