Anti-icing Behavior of Thermally Sprayed Polymer Coatings

Surface engineering shows an increasing potential to provide a sustainable approach to icing problems. Currently, several passive anti-ice properties adoptable to coatings are known, but further research is required to proceed for practical applications. This is due to the fact that icing reduces safety, operational tempo, productivity and reliability of logistics, industry and infrastructure. An icing wind tunnel and a centrifugal ice adhesion test equipment can be used to evaluate and develop anti-icing and icephobic coatings for a potential use in various arctic environments, e.g., in wind power generation, oil drilling, mining and logistic industries. The present study deals with evaluation of icing properties of flame-sprayed polyethylene (PE)-based polymer coatings. In the laboratory-scale icing tests, thermally sprayed polymer coatings showed low ice adhesion compared with metals such as aluminum and stainless steel. The ice adhesion strength of the flame-sprayed PE coating was found to have approximately seven times lower ice adhesion values compared with metallic aluminum, indicating a very promising anti-icing behavior.     

Electrocatalytic oxidation of deferiprone and its determination on a carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode

The electrochemical behavior of the anti-thalassemia and anti-HIV replication drug, deferiprone, was investigated on a carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon (GC-CNT) electrode in phosphate buffer solution, pH 7.40 (PBS). During oxidation of deferiprone, two irreversible anodic peaks, with and , appeared, using GC-CNT. Cyclic voltammetric study indicated that the oxidation process is irreversible and diffusion controlled. The number of exchanged electrons in the electro-oxidation process was obtained, and the data indicated that deferiprone is oxidized via two two-electron steps. The results revealed that carbon nanotube (CNT) promotes the rate of oxidation by increasing the peak current, so that deferiprone is oxidized at lower potentials, which thermodynamically is more favorable. This result was confirmed by impedance measurements. The diffusion coefficient, electron-transfer coefficient and heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant of deferiprone were found to be 1.49 × 10⁻⁶ cm² s⁻¹, 0.44, and 3.83 × 10⁻³ cm s⁻¹, respectively. A sensitive, simple and time-saving differential-pulse voltammetric procedure was developed for the analysis of deferiprone. Using the proposed method, deferiprone can be determined with a detection limit of 5.25 × 10⁻⁷ M. The applicability of the method to direct assays of spiked human serum and urine fluids is described.     

新型生物滴滤池处理生活污水的中试研究

试验研究采用滴滤模式与淹没模式相结合的新型滴滤池处理生活污水。考察了该装置对生活污水中COD、NH3-N、TN、TP污染物的去除效果。试验结果表明,该滤池对COD、NH3-N和TP有较好的去除效果,去除率分别达到79.2%、90.8%和70.05%,但对TN的去除率不超过20%。通过与传统活性污泥法、高负荷生物滴滤池等进行电能能耗对比,新型生物滤池电能消耗不超过22%。     

响应面法优化桂花酒酿造工艺

以信阳大米和桂花为原料,通过改良黄酒发酵工艺拟开发一种新型发酵型桂花酒来提高桂花的附加值。以感官评分和酒精度为响应值,采用单因素试验和响应面试验优化其酿造工艺。结果表明,在生酸过程中植物乳杆菌添加量0.1%,18 ℃条件下发酵60 h;发酵过程中糖渍桂花添加量5%,麦曲添加量0.3%,酵母添加量0.2%,发酵温度30 ℃,发酵192 h。在此条件下制得的桂花酒感官评分为81.9分,酒精度为14.51%vol,残糖、总酸含量为23 g/L、3.6 g/L,具有浓郁的桂花香气、酒体完整、舒顺协调。     

Al2O3-CaO-CaF2-MgO渣系性能的研究

对Al2O3-CaO-CaF2-MgO渣系的初晶温度、电导率以及物相组成进行了研究.研究结果表明:在该渣系中,随着MgO的含量的增加,渣系的初晶温度先降后增,当MgO的加入量为7％时值最低,初晶温度为1 497℃.该渣系中,随着MgO加入量的增加和温度的升高,渣系的电导率也随着增大,其中主要物相组成为MgAl2O4、C...     

Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in river water and their elimination in a pilot-scale drinking water treatment plant

The occurrence of four beta blockers, one antiepileptic drug, one lipid regulator, four anti-inflammatories, and three fluoroquinolones was studied in a river receiving sewage effluents. All compounds but two of the fluoroquinolones were observed in the water above their limit of quantification concentrations. The highest concentrations (up to 107 ng L(-1)) of the compounds were measured during the winter months. The river water was passed to a pilot-scale drinking water treatment plant, and the elimination of the pharmaceuticals was followed during the treatment. The processes applied by the plant consisted of ferric salt coagulation, rapid sand filtration, ozonation, two-stage granular activated carbon filtration (GAC), and UV disinfection. Following the coagulation, sedimentation, and rapid sand filtration, the studied pharmaceuticals were found to be eliminated only by an average of 13%. An efficient elimination was found to take place during ozonation at an ozone dose of about 1 mg L(-1) (i.e., 0.2-0.4 mg of O3/ mg of TOC). Following this treatment, the concentrations of the pharmaceuticals dropped to below the quantification limits with the exception of ciprofloxacin. Atenolol, sotalol, and ciprofloxacin, the most hydrophilic of the studied pharmaceuticals, were not fully eliminated during the GAC filtrations. All in all, the treatment train was found to very effectively eliminate the pharmaceuticals from the rawwater. The only compound that was found to pass almost unaffected through all the treatment steps was ciprofloxacin.     

速生桉木硫酸盐浆氧脱木素工艺的优化

对卡伯值为17．1的速生桉木硫酸盐浆进行了氧脱木素各影响因素的研究。结果表明，用碱量、温度、氧压和时间对氧脱木素后纸浆的性质均有明显的影响。从氧脱木素后纸浆的脱木素程度和黏度的变化考虑，该速生桉木硫酸盐浆较适宜的氧脱木素工艺条件为：浆浓10％，用碱量2％，MgSO4用量0．2％，反应温度100℃，反应时间60min，氧压0．5MPa。     

Short communication: Lameness impairs feeding behavior of dairy cows

The automated, reliable, and early detection of lameness is an important aim for the future development of modern dairy operations. One promising indicator of lameness is a change in the feeding behavior of a cow. In this study, the associations between feeding behavior and lameness were evaluated. A herd of 50 cows was investigated during the winter season in a freestall barn. Feeding behavior, feed intake, milk yield, and body weight were monitored using electronic feeding troughs and an automated milking system. Gait scoring every second week was used as a measure of lameness. To analyze the effect of lameness on feeding behavior and milk yield, linear mixed models were used. Cows with more severe lameness spent less time feeding per day (104 ± 4, 101 ± 4, and 91 ± 4 min/d for lameness scores 2, 3, and 4, respectively). An interaction between parity and lameness score was detected, with severely lame primiparous cows spending the least time feeding. Severely lame cows fed faster; however, their body weights were lower than for less-lame cows. Increase in lactation stage was associated with longer daily feeding time, longer duration of feeding bouts, and lower feeding rate. Worsening of gait was associated with lower silage intake and less time spent feeding even before severe lameness was scored. The results indicate that lameness is associated with changes in feeding behavior and that such changes could be considered in the future development of remote monitoring systems. It should also be noted that impaired feeding behavior along with lameness can put the welfare of especially early lactating primiparous cows at risk.     

市政污水厂出水回用电厂循环水系统工艺研究

采用曝气生物滤池+高效混凝沉淀组合工艺对河北邢台某污水处理厂的二级出水进行了回用中试研究.研究表明:二级出水经组合工艺处理后,CODCr的平均去除率为63.4%-69.2%,浊度的平均去除率为91.8%-95.4%,氨氮的平均去除率为90.5%-95.9%,处理出水可以满足电厂循环冷却水水质要求.     

复合絮凝剂的研究进展及应用

复合絮凝剂根据成分的不同可分为无机高分子复合絮凝剂、有机复合絮凝剂以及无机-有机复合絮凝剂3类.综述了复合絮凝剂的国内外研究进展,并对各种复合絮凝剂的优缺点及应用领域进行了对比分析,指出无机-有机复合絮凝剂将是今后的研究重点,而工业废物资源化制备复合絮凝剂将是未来的重要生产途径.