Treatment of spent caustic by three kinds of photocatalyticoxidation processes

0　INTRODUCTIONCurrentprocessforethyleneproductionisnotenvi ronmentfriendly ,becausealargeamountofspentcausticisdischargedduringthescrubbingofthecrackinggas ,whichcontainshighconcentrationsulfideandorganiccompounds.Sometechniqueshavebeenappliedtotreatthespentcaustic ,includingchemicaloxidation ,neutral izationandprecipitation[1～ 3] .However ,lowremovaleffi ciencyandsecondpollutionarecommonlyinvolvedinthesetechniques .Althoughwetairoxidationprocesscanefficientlyremoveorganiccompoundsinspe…     

纳米粒子TiO2/Ti膜的制备及其光催化活性

以钛酸四丁酯为原料，利用溶胶－凝胶方法制备了纳米粒子TiO2/Ti膜。TG－DTA、XRD、TEM和SEM的测试表明：纳米粒子经历了无定型向锐钛矿和锐钛矿向金红石相转变两个过程，而焙烧温度为600℃时，TiO2纳米粒子具有与国际商品P－25型TiO2粒子相类似的组成、结构、形貌和粒子尺寸。考虑TiO2粒子性质及与基体Ti片的结合能力，焙烧温度对基体Ti片的影响和纳米粒子TiO2/Ti膜表面形貌等因素，确定600℃是制备纳米粒子TiO2/Ti膜光催化剂的最合适的焙烧温度。另外，以光催化降解苯酚为模型反应，考察了焙烧温度对纳米粒子TiO2/Ti膜催化活性的影响，并初步地探讨了光催化降解苯酚反应的动力学。结果表明，600℃焙烧的TiO2纳米粒子膜具有最高的光催化活性，而光催化降解反应为准一级动力学反应。     

基于高级氧化技术处理乙烯生产废碱液的研究

研究了UV／H2O2，UV／O3和UV／H2O2／O3三种高级氧化体系处理乙烯装置所排放废碱液的特点。对于UV／H2O2体系，随着H2O2剂量的增加，COD的去除率以及处理液的可生化性(BOD：COD值)都随之增大，其性能也好于单独的H2O2体系，该体系在最佳条件下，COD的去除率达到68％，BOD／COD值从0．22增大到0．52；对于UV／O3体系，随着O3剂量的增加，COD的去除率及处理液的可生化性(BOD：COD值)也都随之增大，其性能也好于单独的O3体系。该体系在最佳条件下，COD的去除率达到54％，可生化性(BOD／COD值)从0．22增大到0．48；对于UV／H2O2／O3体系，其COD去除率比UV／O3体系高出22．0％。     

高效有机吸附膜数学模型的建立及应用

采用自行合成的有机吸附膜富集净化水中微量有机污染物,依据有机吸附膜对水中有机污染物物理吸附的过程,在大量测试数据基础上建立高效有机吸附膜吸附饮用水中氯仿的数学模型,并用统计方法求取了模型中的参数.应用此模型研究了萃取时间、水样中氯仿的本底质量浓度和高效有机吸附膜厚度等对萃取效率的影响.通过有机吸附膜对模拟饮用水中氯仿的吸附实验,证明该模型能较准确地模拟高效有机吸附膜吸附氯仿的过程,模型计算数据与实验数据吻合较好.     

基于遗传算法解决河流环境需水量优化调度的模糊多目标规划方法的研究

为实现城市受污染河流的环境需水量的合理调配,以各蓄水构筑物的调水量为决策变量,研究了在保证河流生态环境需求的基础上,实现整个流域的污染负荷的环境容量最大化、水量最大节约和调水成本最小化的方法,建立了环境需水调度的模糊多目标规划模型.模型中采用整合的非线性梯度隶属度函数作为目标函数,以遗传算法作为求解此模型的工具,并将该模型用于大庆市黎明河流域的环境水量调配,取得较好的效果.     

镀钴泡沫镍基板界面机理研究

研究了泡沫镍镀钴镍电极的初期化成行为,发现在电池端电压0.2V附近出现一个充电电压平台,1.0V附近出现第二个充电电压平台,而纯泡沫镍做基板的镍电极无此现象.循环伏安和XRD测试验证了两个电压平台对应的反应是Co氧化为Co(OH)2和Co(OH)2氧化为CoOOH反应.EPMA线扫描显示,镍电极化成后基板表面钴元素呈梯度分布.结果表明,泡沫镍表面的金属钴通过电化学溶解沉淀机理,在基板附近生成梯度分布的CoOOH.     

Determination of hydroxyl radical in organic wastewater treatment by electrochemical oxidation

A method of detection hydroxyl radical （ · OH） produced by electrochemical oxidation in organic wastewater treatment was developed. Benzoic acid with weak fluorescence may reacted with hydroxyl radical to produce 3-hydroxybenzonic acid with intense fluorescence, whose characteristic fluorescence excitation and e- mission wavelength were at 305 nm and 410 nm. The 3-hydroxybenzonic acid was separated from electroehenaical oxidation system by HPLC. Two major hydroxylated products were quantified corresponding to 3-hydroxybenzonic, 4-hydroxybenzonic acid. Therefore the quantity of hydroxyl radical in the reactive system should be primarily calculated. The optimal experimental program was obtained by studying the determination conditions, which were benzoic acid of 1.0 mmol/L, electrolysis time of 60 min, current density of 39 mA/cm^2 , supporting electrolyte （Na2SO4 ） of 0. 02 mol/L, and the low rate of sparged-air of 25 mL/s. The results show that this method is stable, sinaple and rapid and can be used as a convenient method for the determination of hydroxyl radical.     

Synthesis and characterization on semi-aromatic polyamide containing benzoxazole unit

In order to obtain a novel polyamide having excellent heat-resistant properties which could be anticipated as a thermal modifier for aliphatic polyamide,a series of new semi-aromatic polyamides (BO6,BO8,BO10) containing benzoxazole unit were synthesized based on 5-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl) benzoxazole (ABO) and aliphatic acids (adipic,suberic and sebacic acid) by means of Yamazaki phosphorylation method.The effect of reaction temperature on the inherent viscosity of the polymers was studied,and the structures of products were characterized by FTIR,1 H-NMR,and the heat resistance of the polymers was studied by DSC and TG.The results showed that the reaction temperature gives the polymers the highest viscosity at around 90 ℃,130 ℃ and 130 ℃ for BO6,BO8 and BO10,respectively.The heat resistance of the new semi-aromatic polyamides is much higher than that of the common aliphatic polyamides.In addition,the products show good solvent resistance and crystallization properties.     

旋流分离技术研究进展

介绍了旋流分离技术的研究进展,包括水力旋流器的结构形式与结构参数、新结构类型、主要水力学参数、混合液性质及流量稳定性、材料与制造技术、磨损与腐蚀及旋流分离应用技术的研究进展等,还对旋流分离技术的发展趋势作了简要分析。研究表明,随着人们对旋流分离技术的不断开发,其在石油、化工等行业得到了越来越广泛的应用。     

化学沉淀法再生乙烯裂解废碱液的研究

采用化学沉淀技术对乙烯裂解废碱液进行再生研究,考察了影响再生效果的各种条件因素。研究结果表明,在反应温度20℃、沉淀反应时间超过30min、沉淀剂CuO与乙烯裂解废碱液中的S2- (以Na2S计)的摩尔比为1 45∶1等条件下,S2-的去除率可达98%以上。沉淀剂CuO经再生后可循环使用,且再生碱液的物性及对CO2 的吸收速率与新鲜碱液基本相同。