离子液体辅助提取葡萄籽中原花青素的工艺研究

原花青素是最有效的天然抗氧化剂,具有清除自由基,防癌抗衰老,美容养颜的功效.以赤霞珠葡萄籽为原料,通过添加优选离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Bmim]Cl)的乙醇水溶液提取原花青素,考察了提取温度、提取时间、乙醇体积分数、液料比4个因素对原花青素提取效率的影响.根据单因素实验结果设计响应面实验,得到原花青素的最佳工艺参数.该工艺的开发为原花青素的工业生产提供参考.     

基于塑性损伤模型的管片接头阶段分析

基于上海地铁13号线管片接头足尺加载实验,结合ABAQUS中混凝土塑性损伤模型和混凝土结构设计规范,对混凝土CDP模型的参数进行标定,并建立盾构管片接头塑性损伤三维有限元模型,研究管片接头在弯矩和轴力共同作用下的损伤破坏的全过程,对破坏过程中四个阶段的弯矩、裂缝张开量、挠度和损伤之间的关系进行详细分析。结果表明:塑性损伤模型计算得到的挠度-荷载曲线和试验曲线吻合较好,管片接头经历全截面受压阶段、小变形阶段、大变形阶段和接头接触挤压破坏阶段。以裂缝张开量为基础,结合管片接头挠度、弯矩和拉伸损伤带的损伤平均值,提出盾构管片接头损伤破坏的健康评价指标。     

Investigation on the cleaning of KDP ultra-precision surface polished with micro water dissolution machining principle

A potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) optical crystal was machined to an ultra-precision surface with water-in-oil (W/O) micro emulsion polishing fluid. The micro water dissolution principle utilized in the machining process is discussed, its planarization mechanism is illustrated, and an ultra-precision polished surface with 2.205 nm RMS roughness is obtained. However, a substantial quantity of residual contamination remained on the polished surface after machining. This can seriously impact the optical performance of the crystal, and so it must be removed. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to conduct an investigation into the composition of the surface residue, and the results showed that the residue was comprised of organic chemicals with hydrocarbon chains and aromatic ether, i.e., mostly the polishing fluid. The cleaning method and the principle on which the KDP ultra precision surface investigation is based are discussed in detail, and the cleaning experiments with selected KDP-compatible organic solvents were then performed. FTIR transmittance spectra measurement and microscopic observations were employed to assess the effects of the cleaning process on the surface of the KDP crystal. The results showed that toluene cleaning achieved the most desirable results. This cleaning method produced a surface roughness of 1.826 nm RMS, which allows the KDP crystal to be applied to subsequent engineering applications.     

基于改进Candide-3模型的眼部动画建模

针对在Candide-3模型上进行三维人脸重建时不能表达人眼部细节动作的问题,提出了一种改进Candide-3模型重建人脸的方法。该方法首先在Candide-3模型上对眼部进行建模,其中眼部的建模具体分为眼球的建模以及眼睑的建模。对于眼球采用2个半球结合的方式进行建模。对于眼睑的建立,分别在Candide-3的模型上对眼睑的内边缘、外边缘以及上眼睑沟用Bezier曲线进行建模。然后结合人脸特征点的信息和局部最小二乘法匹配原理建立了与输入人脸图像相仿的三维人脸模型。接着,对脸部进行特征点约束的方法贴纹理,眼球分别用局部球形纹理贴图以及球形纹理贴图的方法贴图。最后,在该模型上用分段线性插值的方法,逼真地完成了眼睑的睁闭、眨眼以及眼球的旋转等相关动作。     

支持向量机与哈夫曼树实现多分类的研究

基于支持向量机和决策树的多分类方法存在错误累积问题,累积的错误往往使分类准确率下降,分类效果变差.在仔细分析了其产生错误累积原因的基础上,提出了基于哈夫曼树的支持向量机多分类方法.该方法首先将一个多分类问题分解为多个二分类问题,针对每个二分类问题使用支持向量机二分类方法解决;然后根据相异度来决策分类的优先顺序,构建基于哈夫曼树的支持向量机多分类模型;最后使用勒卡斯开源数据集进行验证,并将它与传统的支持向量机多分类方法进行实验比较.实验结果表明,新的方法在分类速度和分类精度上较传统的支持向量机多分类方法优越.     

Research on the Limit Value of Shape Coefficient of Rural Residences in Severe Cold Regions

Shape coefficient is a significant factor accounting for building energy consumption. In order to decrease the building energy consumption of rural residence in severe cold regions, this paper from the perspective of regulating the shape coefficient limit value, applies the field survey method to statistic and analyze the shape, width and depth of rural residence in severe cold regions and concludes the distribution characteristics and scope of building area. On this basis, though calculating and analyzing the relations between shape coefficient and length-width ratio under different building areas, meanwhile comprehensive considering the building function, farmers’ living mode and requirements etc, it put forward that the shape coefficient of rural residence in severe cold regions should below 0.8. It has important significance for guiding the rural energy-saving house design and construction of severe cold regions.     

角接触球轴承热力学耦合模型与分析方法

接触球轴承运行时,其力学性能与热态特性之间存在高度耦合与交互,轴承热预紧力在这一过程中起着桥梁连接作用。在研究角接触球轴承非线性力学性能与热效应耦合机制的过程中,分析了结合面接触热阻、油气润滑及周边组件换热等边界条件对轴承热态特性的影响,提出了一种角接触球轴承热力学耦合分析方法,并基于多软件协同计算平台建立了轴承热力学耦合模型。在轴承实验平台上,借助热巡检仪,利用轴承套表面开设的测温工艺孔实施了温度实验,对轴承热力学耦合模型的仿真计算结果进行了验证。该模型可用于预测角接触球轴承在不同转速下热预紧力的变化规律,分析比较热预紧力对轴承运行刚度的影响。     

Optimization-based cosmetic formulation: Integration of mechanistic model,surrogate model,and heuristics

Multiple functional and hard-to-quantify sensorial product attributes that can be satisfied by a large number of cosmetic ingredients are required in the design of cosmetics. To overcome this problem, a new optimization-based approach for expediting cosmetic formulation is presented. It exploits the use of a hierarchy of models in an iterative manner to refine the search for creating the highest-quality cosmetic product. First, a systematic procedure is proposed for optimization problem formulation, where the cosmetic formulation problem is defined, design variables are specified, and a set of models for sensorial perception and desired product properties are identified. Then, a solution strategy that involves iterative model adoption and two numerical techniques (i.e., generalized disjunctive programming reformulation and model substitution) is applied to improve the efficiency of solving the optimization problem and to find better solutions. The applicability of the proposed procedure and solution strategy is illustrated with a perfume formulation example.     

Structure,crystallization, and performances of alkaline-earth boroaluminosilicate sealing glasses for SOFCs

We study the structure, crystallization, and performances of the sealing glasses with the composition (mol.%) of 12Al₂O₃·8B₂O₃·40SiO₂·40RO (R = Mg, Ca, Sr) for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) before and after isothermal treatment at 700°C, which is within the operation temperature range (600-800°C) of SOFCs. The crystallization behavior has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction under both dynamic and isothermal conditions. The structural evolution is probed using the Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The performances of the sealing glasses are characterized in terms of the coefficient of thermal expansion, the crystallization-induced stress at glass–steel interface. We find that strong crystallization occurs at the operation temperature (700°C) far below the crystallization onset temperature measured by DSC. The structure origin of this anomalous crystallization is discussed in terms of structural heterogeneity of the three studied glasses. We determine the residual stress at the interface between the Ca-containing glass and the steel after isothermal treatment at 700°C for 48 h, but this stress does not lead to falling off the glass layer from the steel. This indicates that this glass is a good candidate to be applied in SOFCs.     

Multiscale simulation on dynamic friction behavior of cylinder sealing rings under hydrothermal aging

The friction behavior of cylinder seal greatly affects the dynamic position accuracy of the cylinder execution terminal under hydrothermal aging. So, the hydrothermal aging test, friction test, tensile and compression test, topography analysis and infrared spectroscopy analysis, and multiscale simulation were carried out for studying the effect of the hydrothermal aging on the friction performance of cylinder seal. It was found that when the aging temperature increases from 40 to 80°C, the dynamic friction forces of the cylinder seals increase by more than 15%; the friction force increases with the increasement of the initial mechanical stress. Aging makes rubber to be brittle and more cavities on the fracture surface and reduces the fractured activation energy of the nitrile rubber molecular chain.