Die elektrolytische Dissoziation flüssiger Schlacken und ihre Bedeutung für metallurgische Reaktionen

Behandlung von molekularer Schlackentheorie, Ionentheorie der Schlacke und elektrochemische Vorstellungen bei Schlackenungleichgewichten. Definition eines pO-Wertes in Analogie zum pH-Wert als Maβ für den Basengrad der Schlacke. Kennzeichnung des sauren und basischen Verhaltens von Oxyden durch ihre pO-Werte. Erläuterung des Zusammenhanges zwischen dem Redoxpotential von Schlacken und dem pO-Wert.     

Solitary non-parasitic cysts of the liver: presentation and management

Four cases (one asymptomatic and three symptomatic) of solitary non-parasitic cysts of the liver are presented. The asymptomatic cysts was an incidental finding at laparotomy. The other three patients presented with abdominal distension, jaundice and malignant transformation respectively. Management of these patients has been discussed and the literature reviewed.     

Effect of Colloidal Silver on Optical Transmittance Characteristics of Bulk Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystals

Colloidal silver is observed to affect the transmittance of p-type Cd_1−y Zn _y Te (CZT) single-crystal substrate material at room temperature. The optical transmittance spectra have been analyzed in the near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) regions. The transmittance characteristics of CZT showed significant reduction in absorption due to split-off valance band transitions in the NIR region and intervalence band absorption in the MIR region upon coating CZT substrates with silver paste. This reduction in absorption has been explained to be due to the compensation of the acceptor defects (native and foreign). Silver atoms incorporated from the silver coating help in compensation of these defects. A similar effect on transmittance characteristics of mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) epilayers grown on CZT substrates after coating silver paste on the CZT substrate side was also observed. An improvement in the transmittance of CZT substrates after the application of silver paste was observed. A similar improvement in transmittance is usually achieved by annealing the substrates in a Cd/Zn atmosphere. The results are explained by considering the formation of neutral complexes of acceptors (cadmium vacancies) and the interstitial silver. This study also points to the important conclusion that silver paste on CZT should be applied with caution for measurement purposes since it diffuses even at room temperature and modifies the optical characteristics.     

Nanoenergetic Composites of CuO Nanorods,Nanowires, and Al‐Nanoparticles

This paper reports on the synthesis of the nanoenergetic composites containing CuO nanorods and nanowires, and Al‐nanoparticles. Nanorods and nanowires were synthesized using poly(ethylene glycol) templating method and combined with Al‐nanoparticles using ultrasonic mixing and self‐assembly methods. Poly(4‐vinylpyridine) was used for the self‐assembly of Al‐nanoparticles around the nanorods. At the optimized values of equivalence ratio, sonication time, and Al‐particle size, the combustion wave speed of 1650 m s⁻¹ was obtained for the nanorods‐based energetics. For the composite of nanowires and Al‐nanoparticles the speed was increased to 1900 m s⁻¹. The maximum combustion wave speed of 2400 m s⁻¹ was achieved for the self‐assembled composite, which is the highest known so far among the nanoenergetic materials. It is possible that in the self‐assembled composites, the interfacial contact between the oxidizer and fuel is higher and resistance to overall diffusional process is lower, thus enhancing the performance.     

An intelligent railway surveillance framework based on recognition of object and railway track using deep learning

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In high speed railways, the intelligent railway safety system is necessary to avoid the accidents due to collision between trains and obstacles on the railway...     

Formulation,optimization, hemocompatibility and pharmacokinetic evaluation of PLGA nanoparticles containing paclitaxel

Objective: Paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded polymer (Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLGA)-based nanoformulation was developed with the objective of formulating cremophor EL-free nanoformulation intended for intravenous use.

Significance: The polymeric PTX nanoparticles free from the cremophor EL will help in eliminating the shortcomings of the existing delivery system as cremophor EL causes serious allergic reactions to the subjects after intravenous use.

Methods and results: Paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles were formulated by nanoprecipitation method. The diminutive nanoparticles (143.2?nm) with uniform size throughout (polydispersity index, 0.115) and high entrapment efficiency (95.34%) were obtained by employing the Box–Behnken design for the optimization of the formulation with the aid of desirability approach-based numerical optimization technique. Optimized levels for each factor viz. polymer concentration (X1), amount of organic solvent (X2), and surfactant concentration (X3) were 0.23%, 5?ml %, and 1.13%, respectively. The results of the hemocompatibility studies confirmed the safety of PLGA-based nanoparticles for intravenous administration. Pharmacokinetic evaluations confirmed the longer retention of PTX in systemic circulation.

Conclusion: In a nutshell, the developed polymeric nanoparticle formulation of PTX precludes the inadequacy of existing PTX formulation and can be considered as superior alternative carrier system of the same.     

A model for the mild ratchetting wear of metals

A mechanism of metallic wear is proposed in which laminar wear debris is generated by a process of plastic ratchetting brought about by repeated pummelling of the softer wearing surface by the asperities on a harder mating surface. Wear rate is found to be approximately proportional to (load) and an increasing function of a single non-dimensional parameter termed the plasticity index for repeated sliding which relates the roughness of the hard surface to the limiting elastic strain of the softer wearing surface. For small values of this parameter the wear rate becomes negligibly small and a shakedown state obtains in which the deformation of the surface is entirely elastic and ratchetting effectively stops. The hardness of the wearing surface and the coefficient of friction at the interface influence the wear rate through their influence on the value of the plasticity index.     

MCPCN: Multi-hop Clustering Protocol Using Cache Nodes in WSN

Wireless Personal Communications - Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are becoming an imminent result for industrialization, tracking and various other applications. Sensor nodes are deployed in the...