制备金属铪的新进展

金属铪在核能、航天以及军工领域有着得天独厚的优势,国内外对于金属铪的研究正如火如荼的进行。锆铪相伴而生,本文介绍了锆铪的火法和湿法分离,综述了金属热还原法和熔盐电脱氧法制备金属铪通过熔盐电解法、碘化精练法、电子束熔炼法精炼金属铪,就各种方法的优缺点和绿色生产的需求来看,新型熔盐电脱氧法和联合精炼法是值得发展和探究的方向。     

Effects of anion and cation doping on the thermoelectric properties of n-type PbS

The PbCl_xS_1-x and Pb_1-xBi_xS (x? =?0–0.05) bulks were fabricated with a facile method of hydrothermal synthesis and microwave sintering, and the effect of anionic and cationic donors on the thermoelectric performance of PbS was investigated. Although Cl^? and Bi³⁺ both effectively improved the thermoelectric properties of n-type PbS, more excellent thermoelectric performance was obtained from Cl^? doped samples because of higher electrical property and lower thermal conductivity at higher temperature (T? >?600?K). The thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) reaches 1.04 for PbCl_0.015S_0.985 at 800?K and increases with temperature increasing without sign of saturation, which is probably the highest value ever reported for single-phase polycrystalline n-type PbS. The results also indicate that the hydrothermal synthesis and microwave sintering can realize anion doping as well as cation doping for n-type PbS at low cost, and PbS should be a robust alternative for PbTe thermoelectric materials.     

Bearing Failure Optimization of Composite Double-Lap Bolted Joints Based on a Three-Step Strategy Marked By Feasible Region Reduction and Model Decoupling

To minimize the mass and increase the bearing failure load of composite doublelap bolted joints, a three-step optimization strategy including feasible region reduction, optimization model decoupling and optimization was presented. In feasible region reduction, the dimensions of the feasible design region were reduced by selecting dominant design variables from numerous multilevel parameters by sensitivity analyses, and the feasible regions of variables were reduced by influence mechanism analyses. In model decoupling, the optimization model with a large number of variables was divided into various sub-models with fewer variables by variance analysis. In the third step, the optimization sub-models were solved one by one using a genetic algorithm, and the modified characteristic curve method was adopted as the failure prediction method. Based on the proposed optimization method, optimization of a double-lap single-bolt joint was performed using the ANSYS^® code. The results show that the bearing failure load increased by 13.5% and that the mass decreased by 8.7% compared with those of the initial design of the joint, which validated the effectiveness of the three-step optimization strategy.     

面向过程装备工程师培养的O2O课程体系构建

过程装备与控制工程专业的人才培养方案及课程体系可以划分为线上和线下两块。线上课程侧重于新知识传授,有助于学生开阔眼界,活跃思维,启迪智慧;线下课程侧重于基本知识传授,有助于学生夯实专业基础,培养专业素养,锻炼工程技能。研究线上和线下课程的主辅关系及交互模式,形成具有鲜明流程工业装备特征的“线上+线下”一体化课程群,建立培养效果(达成度)的评价方法与持续改进机制,有利于培养掌握综合知识、善于设计计算、了解制造检验的优秀过程装备工程师。     

基于壳聚糖多孔碳的制备及电容性能研究

以壳聚糖为碳源和氮源,采用预碳化处理和KOH活化两步法制备了壳聚糖多孔碳材料,考察了活化剂KOH用量对电极材料形貌、结构以及电容性能的影响。结果表明:当KOH与预碳化壳聚糖质量比为0.6∶1时,制备的多孔碳材料KOH-CTS-0.6具有最优的电化学性能。KOH-CTS-0.6具有大比表面积(1 348 m~2·g~(-1)),含有丰富的N、O元素(2.9%N和7.4%O)。在电流密度为0.5 A·g~(-1)时,KOH-CTS-0.6的比电容为235.2 F·g~(-1),显示出优秀的倍率能力;在电流密度为10 A·g~(-1)的大电流时,其比电容依然高达178.6 F·g~(-1)。此外,该材料还具有良好的循环稳定性,500次循环后比电容保持率为94%。     

Comparative studies on thermal and toughness properties of polybenzoxazine composites with two functionalized graphene oxides

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized by polyether amine (PEA) via two methods which were one-pot modification in acetone (GON) and two steps with the intermediate product of GOCO-Cl generated (GONS). There were more PEA successfully grafted onto GO for GONS than GON. The onset polymerization temperatures of the benzoxazine (Bz) composites decreased by the inclusion of 1?wt% of GO, GON or GONS. Thermal stability of the polybenzoxazine (PBz) composites was significantly improved indicated from the increase of weight loss temperature. T₁₀, T₂₀ and T₅₀ values of the composites with GONS were higher than that of the others. Toughness of PBzs may be enhanced by the incorporation of nanofillers, and GONS had stronger interfacial interaction with PBz matrix than GON.