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991.
甲基丙烯酸乙酯的"活性"/可控阴离子聚合 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用空间位阻大的引发剂1,1-二苯基己基锂(DPHLi),添加新型络合剂LiClO4,在-5℃,实现了活性阴离子聚合反应,获得分子量分布为1.05的单分散聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯(PEMA)。 相似文献
992.
A globally convergent algorithm for transportation continuous network design problem 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The continuous network design problem (CNDP) is characterized by a bilevel programming model, in which the upper level problem
is generally to minimize the total system cost under limited expenditure, while at the lower level the network users make
choices with regard to route conditions following the user equilibrium principle. In this paper, the bilevel programming model
for CNDP is transformed into a single level convex programming problem by virtue of an optimal-value function tool and the
relationship between System Optimum (SO) and User Equilibrium (UE). By exploring the inherent nature of the CNDP, the optimal-value
function for the lower level user equilibrium problem is proved to be continuously differentiable and its derivative in link
capacity enhancement can be obtained efficiently by implementing user equilibrium assignment subroutine. However, the reaction
(or response) function between the upper and lower level problem is implicit and its gradient is difficult to obtain. Although,
here we approximately express the gradient with the difference concept at each iteration, based on the method of successive
averages (MSA), we propose a globally convergent algorithm to solve the single level convex programming problem. Comparing
with widely used heuristic algorithms, such as sensitivity analysis based (SAB) method, the proposed algorithm needs not strong
hypothesis conditions and complex computation for the inverse matrix. Finally, a numerical example is presented to compare
the proposed method with some existing algorithms. 相似文献
993.
Amaryllis Audenaert Herbert Peremans Genserik Reniers 《Journal of Engineering Mathematics》2007,59(3):323-336
This paper proposes an analytical elasto–plastic model to describe the behavior of arches. The modeling is carried out using
the equations of (i) horizontal equilibrium, (ii) vertical equilibrium and (iii) equilibrium of moments. The latter equations
of equilibrium are ordinary differential equations which can easily be solved by adding boundary conditions, imposing restrictions
on the horizontal and vertical movement and on the rotation in the abutments of the arch. For masonry arches, including material
properties allowing the occurrence of cracks and the subsequent formation of hinges is required. The latter theory has been
implemented in a computer program (Matlab), offering numerical simulations. The software was used to illustrate two case-studies,
i.e., the assessment of an arch loaded with a vertical point load and one with a horizontal point load. 相似文献
994.
Remi Kasai Hideaki Yaegashi Hiroshi Yokoyama Masahiko Yamanaka Hideo Sawada 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(24):10228-10238
Fluoroalkanoyl peroxides reacted with FULLERENES [fullerene (C60) and commercially available fullerenes (Nanom MixTR and Nanom BlackTR)] and radical polymerizable comonomers such as acrylic acid, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide, and acryloylmorpholine to afford fluoroalkyl end-capped cooligomers having FULLERENES
in the main chain under very mild conditions. Fluoroalkyl end-capped Nanom Mix and Nanom Black cooligomers thus obtained were
found to exhibit a similar solubility to that of the corresponding fluoroalkyl end-capped cooligomers having fullerene in
the main chain. These fluorinated FULLERENES cooligomers were found to form the nanometer size-controlled self-assembled cooligomeric
aggregates in aqueous solutions. These fluoroalkyl end-capped FULLERENES cooligomers were more effective for solubilizing
fullerene, Nanom Mix and Nanom Black into water, compared to those of the corresponding fluoroalkyl end-capped homooligomers
having no FULLERENES in the main chain. Fluoroalkyl end-capped fullerene- and Nanom Mix-acrylic acid cooligomers were found
to exhibit fluorescence spectra related to fullerene and Nanom Mix in cooligomers, respectively, in aqueous solutions. Additionally,
these fluorinated fullerene- and Nanom Mix-acrylic acid cooligomers were able to increase chemiluminescence intensity related
to luminol, effectively, compared to the corresponding fluorinated acrylic
acid homooligomers. 相似文献
995.
现场总线控制系统浅谈 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简述了现场总线控制系统的结构及其显优点。现场总线控制系统的结构包括:主控器、总线接口、电源、输入/输出接点、总线电揽和终端电阻。另外对其显优点做了逐一介绍。现场总线控制系统可在工业自动化控制系统中推广应用。 相似文献
996.
Distributed active storage architectures are designed to offload user-level processing to the peripheral from the host servers.
In this paper, we report preliminary investigation on performance and fault recovery designs, as impacted by emerging storage
interconnect protocols and state-of-the-art storage devices. Empirical results obtained using validated device-level and interconnect
data demonstrate the significance of the said parameters on the overall system performance and reliability. 相似文献
997.
Techniques and Apparatus for Measuring Rotational Core Losses of Soft Magnetic Materials 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In many situations such as the cores of a rotating electrical machine and the T joints of a multiphase transformer, the local flux density varies with time in terms of both magnitude and direction, i.e. the flux density vector is rotating. Therefore, the magnetic properties of the core materials under the rotating flux density vector excitation should be properly measured, modeled and applied in the design and analysis of these electromagnetic devices. This paper presents an extensive review on the development of techniques and apparatus for measuring the rotational core losses of soft magnetic materials based on the experiences of various researchers in the last hundred years. 相似文献
998.
Johan F. Hoorn 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2008,10(4):249-249
999.
Norman Fenton Martin Neil William Marsh Peter Hearty Łukasz Radliński Paul Krause 《Empirical Software Engineering》2008,13(5):499-537
Standard practice in building models in software engineering normally involves three steps: collecting domain knowledge (previous
results, expert knowledge); building a skeleton of the model based on step 1 including as yet unknown parameters; estimating
the model parameters using historical data. Our experience shows that it is extremely difficult to obtain reliable data of
the required granularity, or of the required volume with which we could later generalize our conclusions. Therefore, in searching
for a method for building a model we cannot consider methods requiring large volumes of data. This paper discusses an experiment
to develop a causal model (Bayesian net) for predicting the number of residual defects that are likely to be found during
independent testing or operational usage. The approach supports (1) and (2), does not require (3), yet still makes accurate
defect predictions (an R
2 of 0.93 between predicted and actual defects). Since our method does not require detailed domain knowledge it can be applied
very early in the process life cycle. The model incorporates a set of quantitative and qualitative factors describing a project
and its development process, which are inputs to the model. The model variables, as well as the relationships between them,
were identified as part of a major collaborative project. A dataset, elicited from 31 completed software projects in the consumer
electronics industry, was gathered using a questionnaire distributed to managers of recent projects. We used this dataset
to validate the model by analyzing several popular evaluation measures (R
2, measures based on the relative error and Pred). The validation results also confirm the need for using the qualitative factors
in the model. The dataset may be of interest to other researchers evaluating models with similar aims. Based on some typical
scenarios we demonstrate how the model can be used for better decision support in operational environments. We also performed
sensitivity analysis in which we identified the most influential variables on the number of residual defects. This showed
that the project size, scale of distributed communication and the project complexity cause the most of variation in number
of defects in our model. We make both the dataset and causal model available for research use. 相似文献
1000.
Design of active vehicle suspension has tradeoffs between three main performance metrics (passenger comfort, suspension deflection
and road holding ability). It has been known that each performance can be achieved by H
∞ controller and they can be gathered by LPV (Linear Parameter Varying) method. However, because the suspension deflection
limit was not explicitly considered, this limit may be exceeded. In this paper, the authors propose a “reference shaping“
based method in order to improve the control performance. In this approach, a “virtual reference” signal is imposed to the
system such that the suspension deflection is kept small. The effectiveness of the approach is examined by numerical simulations.
This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
31–February 2, 2008 相似文献