MicroRNA-155 Mediates Augmented CD40 Expression in Bone Marrow Derived Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Symptomatic Lupus-Prone NZB/W F1 Mice

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-organ autoimmune disease characterized by hyperactivated immune responses to self-antigens and persistent systemic inflammation. Previously, we reported abnormalities in circulating and bone marrow (BM)-derived plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from SLE patients. Here, we aim to seek for potential regulators that mediate functional aberrations of pDCs in SLE. BM-derived pDCs from NZB/W F1 mice before and after the disease onset were compared for toll-like receptor (TLR) induced responses and microRNA profile changes. While pDCs derived from symptomatic mice were phenotypically comparable to pre-symptomatic ones, functionally they exhibited hypersensitivity to TLR7 but not TLR9 stimulation, as represented by the elevated upregulation of CD40, CD86 and MHC class II molecules upon R837 stimulation. Upregulated induction of miR-155 in symptomatic pDCs following TLR7 stimulation was observed. Transfection of miR-155 mimics in pre-symptomatic pDCs induced an augmented expression of Cd40, which is consistent with the increased CD40 expression in symptomatic pDCs. Overall, our results provide evidence for miR-155-mediated regulation in pDC functional abnormalities in SLE. Findings from this study contribute to a better understanding of SLE pathogenesis and ignite future interests in evaluating the molecular regulation in autoimmunity.     

NiO/Al_2O_3基催化剂的TPR特性研究

NiO/Al_2O_3基催化剂用于替代贵金属催化剂,被广泛应用于石油和石化领域生产过程的加氢、脱硫和脱氮。采用TPR方法,研究不同Ni含量NiO/Al_2O_3及不同载体的催化剂还原特性。结果表明,NiO/Al_2O_3催化剂在10%H_2-Ar气氛下,还原温度范围较宽,为(300~800)℃,其中,(500~600)℃还原速率最大;随着NiO含量的增加,起始还原温度降低,还原耗氢量按比例增加;以MgO为载体的NiO催化剂还原呈现双峰特征,以SiO2和TiO2为载体的NiO催化剂的初始还原温度比NiO/Al_2O_3催化剂降低(100~200)℃。     

One-Handed Input Through Rotational Motion for Smartwatches

One-handed input for smartwatches is crucial when users’ hands are occupied. A rotational motion is leveraged, which can be detected by built-in motion sensors in most smartwatches, as input to provide item selection. Users control a cursor by rotating the smartwatch into different orientations using the proposed item selection gestures. To understand human wrist dexterity and the ability to perform rotational motion input along each degree of freedom on smartwatches, a human-factor study was performed. Except dexterity, users’ consensus and agreement of user-defined rotational motion input gestures for selection and commitment on smartwatches in an exploratory user study were also observed. Based on both the studies, gestures roll and tilt are proposed as selection gestures, and shake and nod are used as commitment gestures. The item selection performance using the proposed gestures in 2D layouts in a user study was further evaluated. The study results showed that tilt-nod and tilt-shake are suitable for item numbers (4 × 3) and (5 × 5), respectively. Furthermore, due to high error rate for tilt-shake in (2 × 2) caused by false positive in shake detection, roll-shake with better social acceptance can be used as an alternative for smartwatches without a built-in front camera in (2 × 2).     

TC32钛合金不同热处理工艺下的组织性能及断裂机制

以新型高性能低成本TC32钛合金为研究对象,通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和拉伸试验机等,研究了普通退火(700 ℃×2 h, AC)和双重退火(880 ℃×2 h, AC+550 ℃×6 h, AC)两种热处理工艺对该合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:普通退火后,TC32合金组织中初生α相含量约为37.2%,并产生轻微球化现象,β转变基体由较粗片层状的次生α相和残余β相组成,合金的抗拉强度均值为939 MPa,伸长率均值达17.4%;双重退火后,TC32合金组织中初生α相含量约为11.8%,并产生明显的球化现象,β转变基体由网篮状结构的细片层次生α相组成,合金的抗拉强度均值达1258 MPa,伸长率均值为9.4%;两种工艺下合金的室温拉伸断口均表现为韧性断裂,普通退火的断口中纤维区面积和剪切唇面积大,无明显放射区,韧窝数量多、尺寸大、深度深,双重退火的断口中有一定面积的放射区,除了等轴韧窝外,还有一定数量的撕裂棱。     

含分布式电源的小电阻接地方式配电网单相接地故障分析

不同接地方式分布式电源(DG)并网将影响系统单相接地故障电流特征,对于小电阻接地方式配电网,DG接地方式选择较为灵活,对接地故障电流的影响尤为复杂。针对小电阻接地方式配电网,建立了旋转型DG并网后的接地故障分析模型,分析了并网DG采用不同接地方式时接地故障点电流、线路三相故障电流与线路正序、负序、零序电流的特征。结果表明,不接地方式DG对接地故障电流基本无影响;但DG采用直接接地、小电阻接地方式时,各故障电流将明显增大或减小,甚至从无到数百安培,将会影响系统原有接地保护与三相保护性能。研究成果可为含DG小电阻接地方式配电网的保护配置与DG接地方式选择提供理论依据。     

基于改进K-means聚类算法的供电块划分方法

在已知供电区域内现状或远景规划的变电站的位置、座数和容量数据的基础上,应用改进的K-means聚类算法,结合变电站等效圆形供电模型将供电块划分问题由平面点划分转化为面积域的划分问题,同时定义相应指标作为评价的标准,将变电站划分至最合适的供电分块中,形成一系列由小规模数量的变电站组成的供电块集合。某实际算例验证了所提方法的合理性。     

关于有源配电网接地方式的探讨

中性点接地方式选择是配电系统安全经济运行的基础问题,常规配电网中各种接地方式的技术特点已有明确结论,有效接地和非有效接地均有广泛应用。对于分布式电源(DER)大量接入的有源配电网,其接地方式将由主网和DER共同决定。且在DER并网与脱网不同运行状态、故障后主网保护与反孤岛保护等不同处理阶段中,系统接地方式可能存在转换,给故障电流、过电压以及衍生的供电可靠性、人身安全带来更为复杂的问题,有源配电网的中性点接地方式选择问题需要重新审视。     

变压器差动保护带负荷自动化试验装置的研制

变压器差动保护带负荷试验是确保变压器差动保护各侧电流互感器二次回路接线正确,防止变压器差动保护误动、拒动的重要试验步骤。针对当前带负荷试验方式下人工计算强度大、试验时间长、试验结果存在误差等问题,研制了1种自动化试验装置,用微机计算替代人工计算,以期达到减少作业时间、提高工作效率的目的。经检测和验证达到了相关要求。     

主动配电网DSM技术在德国的发展

在介绍德国电力系统基本情况和能源需求的基础上,详细阐述了德国近几年主动配电网及其在电力需求侧管理项目上的最新进展和发展趋势,包括分布式电源和电动汽车接入的主动配电网项目、能源互联网项目、Dispower项目等。     

计及需求响应的风电储能两阶段调度优化模型及求解算法

为解决风电功率不确定性对系统稳定运行带来的影响,在含风电的系统优化调度问题中引入需求响应和储能系统。首先利用区间法模拟风电场景并构建了基于Kantorovich距离的场景削减策略,然后分别在需求侧和发电侧引入需求响应和储能系统,结合2阶段优化理论,以风电日前预测功率和超短期预测功率作为随机变量及其实现,构建了计及需求响应的风电储能2阶段调度优化模型。为求解该模型,在传统二进制粒子群算法中引入混沌搜索,构建了混沌二进制粒子群算法。最后,以IEEE 36节点10机系统进行算例仿真。结果表明,混沌二进制粒子群算法能够得到全局最优解,适用于风电储能系统2阶段模型求解;利用需求响应和储能系统的协作效应,可以抑制风电功率的不确定性,提高系统风电利用效率,降低系统发电煤耗水平,因此综合效益显著。