A Novel Isothermal Assay of Borrelia burgdorferi by Recombinase Polymerase Amplification with Lateral Flow Detection

A novel isothermal detection for recombinase polymerase amplification with lateral flow (LF-RPA) was established for Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi) detection in this study. This assay with high sensitivity and specificity can get a visible result without any additional equipment in 30 min. We designed a pair of primers according to recA gene of B. burgdorferi strains and a methodology evaluation was performed. The results showed that the RPA assay based on the recA gene was successfully applied in B. burgdorferi detection, and its specific amplification was only achieved from the genomic DNA of B. burgdorferi. The detection limit of the new assay was about 25 copies of the B. burgdorferi genomic DNA. Twenty Lyme borreliosis patients’ serum samples were detected by LF-RPA assay, real-time qPCR and nested-PCR. Results showed the LF-RPA assay is more effective than nested-PCR for its shorter reaction time and considerably higher detection rate. This method is of great value in clinical rapid detection for Lyme borreliosis. Using the RPA assay might be a megatrend for DNA detection in clinics and endemic regions.     

Grey relational and neural network approach for multi-objective optimization in small scale resistance spot welding of titanium alloy

The prediction and optimization of weld quality characteristics in small scale resistance spot welding of TC2 titanium alloy were investigated. Grey relational analysis, neural network and genetic algorithm were applied separately. Quality characteristics were selected as nugget diameter, failure load, failure displacement and failure energy. Welding parameters to be optimized were set as electrode force, welding current and welding time. Grey relational analysis was conducted for a rough estimation of the optimum welding parameters. Results showed that welding current played a key role in weld quality improvement. Different back propagation neural network architectures were then arranged to predict multiple quality characteristics. Interaction effects of welding parameters were analyzed with the proposed neural network. Failure load was found more sensitive to the change of welding parameters than nugget diameter. Optimum welding parameters were determined by genetic algorithm. The predicted responses showed good agreement with confirmation experiments.

     

儿茶酚–(胺)表面化学介导的一氧化氮催化释放涂层研究

目的 在316L不锈钢(SS)表面构建原位一氧化氮(NO)催化释放涂层,使其能特异选择性地抗凝血、抑制平滑肌细胞(SMCs)增生,从而促进内皮细胞(ECs)生长。方法 在弱碱性水溶液中,选用多巴胺(DA)和己二胺(HD)为前驱体,利用多巴胺邻二苯酚结构自聚合沉膜的能力、多巴胺与己二胺的酚–(胺)表面化学,通过简单的一锅法在316L SS表面构建富氨基粘附涂层DA/HD。再通过碳二亚胺化学交联反应,共价接枝螯合Cu²⁺的1,4,7,10–四氮杂环十二烷–1,4,7,10–四羧酸(DOTA),最后获得均匀且稳定的NO催化释放涂层(命名为Cu-DOTA@DA/HD)。结果 DA/HD涂层表面的氨基密度高达22 nmol/cm²,实现了Cu-DOTA的有效固定,其NO催化释放速率可达5.2×10^–10 mol/(cm²·min)。Cu-DOTA@DA/HD涂层显著地抑制了血小板的粘附和激活,也能有效抑制血栓的形成,其表面血栓总质量由316L SS的(40.3±10.3) mg降低至(3.0±0.4) mg。...     

某型发动机用减压阀性能建模研究

设计一种直接作用式波纹管减压阀,介绍其工作原理,基于计算流体动力学方法对其内部流场进行分析;运用力学方程、流量方程和连续性方程建立其数学模型,利用AMESim仿真软件对其静态特性进行分析,并通过试验验证仿真模型准确性;分析主要结构参数如主弹簧刚度、弹簧腔及反馈腔阻尼孔直径、阀芯直径以及阀芯及波纹管组件质量对其动态特性的影响。结果表明：增大主弹簧刚度、弹簧腔及反馈腔阻尼孔直径,均能改善减压阀的动态特性;增大或减小阀芯直径和阀芯及波纹管组件质量,对其动态特性影响较小,但阀芯直径的增大,会使得出口稳定压力也相应增大。     

钢梁-钢筋混凝土柱单剪板连接节点约束弯矩试验研究

钢梁与混凝土柱单剪板连接节点形式简单、施工方便。在单剪板节点结构设计中,通常把该类节点简化成铰接节点,认为其只传递剪力和轴力,忽略梁端弯矩的作用,从而高估了预埋件的承载能力,给结构留下了安全隐患。为了研究单剪板连接节点的受力性能,对3个不同螺栓布置的钢梁-钢筋混凝土柱单剪板连接节点进行了静力加载试验,研究了螺栓数量、螺栓直径等因素对试件破坏模式、荷载-挠度曲线和约束弯矩的影响。结果表明：钢梁-钢筋混凝土柱单剪板连接节点的约束弯矩随螺栓群惯性矩的增大而增大;试件的承载力和刚度受高强螺栓布置数量的影响较大,受螺栓直径的影响较小。在试验研究的基础上,建立了单剪板连接节点的受力简化模型,根据模型给出了约束弯矩计算方法和弹性阶段节点折算偏心距计算公式,其计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

基于等增量敏感性的高层建筑结构反向约束优化设计方法研究

以高层建筑结构为背景,提出了一种降级反向约束优化设计方法。降级反向约束优化设计方法根据工程设计习惯,按照整体、组件、构件、截面、构造的顺序逐级收紧设计约束条件,在每一轮设计中采用等增量敏感性分析方法,以最小的结构材料增量弥补本级冗余不足的设计准则,在满足规范安全性的同时,减少结构材料浪费。应用反向约束优化设计方法,对一个10层钢框架结构和一幢实际超高层钢结构进行了基于等增量敏感性的优化设计,并与正向约束优化设计方法的结果进行对比。研究结果表明,结构能够满足规范各项设计准则的要求,在充分满足安全性要求的同时,有效减少了结构材料用量,两个案例材料用料分别减少了14.2%和7.8%,且在优化过程中没有出现约束条件偏离限值的情况,提高了优化效率。     

SiC-Al2O3-SiO2复合陶瓷涂层组织结构及抗烧蚀性能研究

目的提高C/C复合材料的抗氧化性能。方法采用大气等离子喷涂在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC-Al_2O_3-SiO_2(SAS)复合陶瓷涂层,并选用氧-乙炔在1500℃对涂层进行抗氧化烧蚀性能考核。利用XRD、SEM、EDS等检测分析手段,对团聚粉末和球化粉体以及烧蚀前后涂层的成分及组织进行检测。结果经过等离子球化处理后,三种粉体流动性为90 s/50 g左右,粉末松装密度为1 g/cm~3左右。与团聚的SiC-Al_2O_3-SiO_2粉体相比,粉末流动性提升了20%左右,松装密度提高了20%,更加适宜等离子喷涂工艺。采用球化处理SiC-Al_2O_3-SiO_2粉体制备得到的涂层组织明显优于采用团聚粉体制备的涂层,涂层致密区域明显增大,内部缺陷数量和尺寸减少。在1500℃烧蚀600s后,SiC-36%Al_2O_3-4%SiO_2涂层具有最佳的抗烧蚀效果,涂层整体完整,质量烧蚀率为1.62×10~(-4) g/s。结论 SiC-Al_2O_3-SiO_2体系解决了等离子喷涂制备SiC涂层过程中沉积率低、SiC分解的问题。SiC-Al_2O_3_-SiO_2涂层具有良好的抗氧化烧蚀效果,烧蚀过程中SiO_2和Al_2O_3形成的莫来石相具有良好的高温稳定性、抗热震性以及较低的热膨胀率和氧扩散率,可以进一步提高涂层的抗氧化烧蚀效果。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头服役孔洞裂纹扩展规律研究

以不同尺寸孔洞缺陷的2024铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头为研究对象,在对接头进行分区建模基础之上,通过试验和有限元数值模拟研究了接头孔洞大小对接头服役裂纹扩展的影响规律。研究表明,接头在准静态服役条件下,力学性能随孔洞减小而不断提高;孔洞直径减小至0.1 mm时,接头力学性能与无缺陷接头相同,断裂于热影响区;而当孔洞直径大于0.1 mm时,接头均断裂于含有孔洞缺陷的焊核区。在交变载荷服役条件下,接头疲劳力学性能随孔洞减小而不断提高,随孔洞增大对载荷的敏感性逐渐降低;断裂的瞬间断口会有温升现象且均断裂于有孔洞缺陷的焊核区。