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991.
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聚氨酯弹性体材料现状与展望 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
姚莹 《化学推进剂与高分子材料》2003,1(4):29-31
简介2002年国内外聚氨酯弹性体材料消费状况,着重介绍近几年发展迅速的几种聚氨酯弹性体材料如氨纶、铺面材料、防水涂料、密封胶及嵌缝材料、CPU、TPU和MPU。 相似文献
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Ceramics for Prosthetic Hip and Knee Joint Replacement 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mohamed N. Rahaman Aihua Yao B. Sonny Bal Jonathan P. Garino Michael D. Ries 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2007,90(7):1965-1988
The most commonly used bearing couple in prosthetic hip or knee joint replacements consists of a cobalt–chrome (CoCr) metal alloy articulating against ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene. Ceramics have been used as an alternative to metal-on-polyethylene in joint replacement surgery of arthritic hips and knees since the 1970s. In prosthetic hip and knee bearings, ceramic surfaces offer a major benefit of drastically reduced wear rates and excellent long-term biocompatibility, which can increase the longevity of prosthetic hip and knee joints. This benefit is important clinically because hip and knee replacement has become a very common surgical procedure, particularly in the United States, and because these procedures are being increasingly performed in younger patients who place greater demands on the prosthetic bearings. However, ceramics are brittle and the risk of catastrophic bearing failure in vivo , while rare, is a major concern. Improvements in material quality, manufacturing methods, and implant design have resulted in a drastic reduction of the incidence of such failures, so that modern ceramic bearings are safe and reliable if used with components of proven design and durability. Future material improvements are actively being investigated to reduce the risk of ceramic-bearing failures even further. The purpose of this article is to review the structure, properties, applications, and limitations of the ceramics that have been used in orthopedic bearings, and to describe the new ceramic composite materials and surface treatments that will be available for joint replacement surgery in the near future. 相似文献
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Y. L. Song S. C. Tsai C. Y. Chen T. K. Tseng C. S. Tsai J. W. Chen Y. D. Yao 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2004,87(10):1864-1871
This paper presents new findings on ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of zirconium hydroxyl acetate precursor drops whose sizes were precisely measured using laser light diffraction technique. Precursor concentration plays a predominant role in determination of product particle size. At 0.01 wt% precursor concentration, conventional spray pyrolysis at 750°C using precursor drops 5–8 μm in diameter, generated by an ultrasonic nebulizer at 2.66 MHz, yielded uniform spherical yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) particles 73 nm in diameter measured by scanning electron microscopy. The YSZ particle diameters were much smaller than those predicted by the one-particle-per-drop mechanism. Under similar reaction conditions, the high-throughput ultrasound-modulated two-fluid (UMTF) spray pyrolysis of larger precursor drops (28-μm peak diameter) also yielded spherical dense particles; they were significantly smaller in size than those produced by the low-throughput conventional ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of smaller drops (6.8-μm peak diameter). 相似文献