Deacetylated Cellulose Acetate/Polyurethane Composite Nanofiber Membranes with Highly Efficient Oil/Water Separation and Excellent Mechanical Properties

Nowadays, oil pollution has become more serious, which causes great threats both to the ecological environment and human life. In this study, a novel type of multifunctional deacetylated cellulose acetate/polyurethane (d-M_CA:M_TPU) composite nanofiber membranes for oil/water separation are successfully fabricated by electrospinning, which show super-amphiphilicity in air, super-hydrophilicity in oil, and oleophobicity in water. All the d-M_CA:M_TPU composite nanofiber membranes with different mass ratios can be used as water-removing, oil-removing, and emulsion separation substance only by gravity driving force. The highest separation flux for water and oil reaches up to 37 000 and 74 000 L m⁻² h⁻¹, respectively, and all the separation efficiencies are more than 99%. They have outstanding comprehensive mechanics performance, which can be controlled by simply adjusting the mass ratios. They show excellent antifouling and self-cleaning ability, endowing powerful cyclic stability and reusability. Those results show that d-M_CA:M_TPU composite nanofiber membranes have great application prospects in oil/water separation.     

Investigations on grinding process of woven ceramic matrix composite based on reinforced fiber orientations

Fiber orientations play the decisive role in grinding process of woven ceramic matrix composites, but the influence of woven fibers in grinding process is not clear. This paper studies the surface quality and grinding force by comparing different woven surfaces. Through a series of experiments in optimized sampling conditions, we analyze characteristics of the material surface topography height, wave distribution and surface support properties in details. And we find some outstanding characteristics of the surface microstructure. We also study the influence of grinding processing parameters on surface microstructure. The results show that machining surface which contains more parallel fibers is rougher and more keenness than gauss surface. Grinding wheel speed and depth of cut have great influence on surface topography and surface support properties. And it is discovered that grinding forces are also highly dependent on fiber orientations. The mechanism of the grinding phenomena is also analyzed in this paper according to knowledge of fracture mechanics and mechanical damage phenomenology. The research obtained will be an important technical support on improving the processing quality of woven ceramic matrix composites.     

Size-controlled synthesis of Mo powders via hydrogen reduction of MoO2 powders with the assistance of Mo nuclei

The size-controlled preparation of Mo powders is always a challenge and important task in the molybdenum metallurgy. In the current study, Mo powders with controllable sizes are synthesized by hydrogen reduction of MoO₂ powders with the assistance of Mo nuclei in the range of 900–1100 °C. The influences of the particle sizes of Mo nuclei, the additive amount as well as reaction temperature on the morphology and particle sizes of the final products are studied. For the hydrogen reduction of MoO₂ without any additive, the obtained Mo powders always have large particle sizes. However, the addition of small amounts of nuclei in MoO₂ can help Mo nucleate dispersedly, and the growth of Mo could be also controlled by adjusting the sizes of added nuclei, amount of addition and the reaction temperature. With the addition of Mo nuclei, the different sizes of Mo powders with the good dispersity can be prepared. As adding commercial Mo powders with the particle size of about 2.03 μm, the micron-sized Mo powders ranged from 2.11 μm to 3.25 μm could be prepared. While for the case of adding ultrafine Mo nuclei of about 170 nm, Mo powders from 0.28 μm to 0.88 μm can be obtained. Moreover, the more the amounts of nuclei added and the lower the reaction temperature (in the range of 900–1100 °C) is, the smaller the particle size of the prepared Mo powder will be. The current method is a facile and feasible method, and is potential to be used for industrial production of Mo powder with controllable particle sizes.     

预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥抗侧翻设计关键参数

为研究预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥在超载作用下的抗侧翻设计的关键参数,以某连续箱梁桥为背景,采用ＭＩＤＡＳ／Ｃｉｖｉｌ建立三种有限元模型（考虑支座布设方式的变化）,研究在３倍超载作用下的连续箱梁的抗倾覆能力变化规律。分析结果表明:独柱墩模型的最小支座反力要远小于另外两种模型;随着支座间距的增大,箱梁的横向抗倾覆系数增大,改变支座间距或改变支撑类型可以有效的改善支座的受力情况;小间距双支座模型和独柱墩模型的抗倾覆能力和抗弯能力不匹配,不能发挥梁的抗弯能力,而大间距双支座模型的倾覆超载系数和强度超载系数较为接近;大间距双支座的支座布设方式在偏心超载作用下的抗倾覆能力较强。     

预制桥面板 ＵＨＰＣ湿接缝的界面受力性能研究

为确定合理的界面间约束与接触关系,采用ＡＢＡＱＵＳ中3种不同的约束与接触关系基于现有试验试件进行模拟,将数值分析结果与试验结果与进行对比分析。研究表明:采用内聚力模型的有限元模型破坏形态与试验结果较为一致,绑定约束次之,而采用接触摩擦模型的有限元模拟结果与试验差别最大;以试验开裂荷载与极限荷载为分析对象,绑定约束与内聚力模型的数值分析结果与试验吻合较好,而接触摩擦模型的数值分析结果与试验差异较大;与绑定约束模型相比,内聚力模型能够较好地模拟试件界面的损伤。因此,当采用ＡＢＡＱＵＳ进行预制桥面板与ＵＨＰＣ湿接缝的界面受力的有限元分析时,宜采用内聚力模型或绑定约束模型,不宜采用接触摩擦模型。     

新能源汽车低频振动噪声传递路径模拟方法

针对新能源汽车低频噪声分布规律具有复杂性,造成噪声传递路径模拟难度加大等问题,提出新能源汽车低频振动噪声传递路径模拟方法。定义声阻与声抗以明确材料声学特征,以此为基础建立新能源汽车低频振动方程。分析低频振动噪声传递路径,使用力锤激励法测量传递函数,同时采用悬置刚度方法测量激励力,分析噪声激励响应,并修正噪声响应系数。计算有效点导纳,分别获取每个噪声在对应传递路径上的贡献量,确定噪声分布规律,实现噪声传递路径模拟。仿真结果表明,所提方法噪声估计精准度高,模拟时间短,模拟准确率高,能够为汽车降噪提供重要参考。     

适用于聚羧酸减水剂的混凝土激发剂研究

提出一种适用于聚羧酸减水剂的复合矿物混凝土激发剂,研究了在不同养护条件、不同掺量下,激发剂对混凝土工作性能及各龄期强度的影响,结合XRD,SEM物相检测探讨了激发剂作用机理,并在连江可门港口泊位工程中试用,测试了掺激发剂混凝土的耐久性能.宏观测试结果表明所研激发剂I型对混凝土工作性能影响不大,能够提高混凝土早期强度,且对后期强度及长期耐久性能无不良影响;微观分析表明激发剂I型的掺入加速了C2S,C3S等矿物的水化,并激发了粉煤灰、矿粉的二次水化反应,混凝土强度发展拐点提前出现.     

少齿差行星齿轮传动轮齿载荷研究

在少齿差行星齿轮传动中,轮齿的弹性变形可能导致多对齿同时接触共同承载,啮合情况复杂,故建立数学模型对其啮合情况进行分析,并通过有限元仿真对同时啮合齿对数、载荷分配情况、相对误差等方面进行相应的分析,验证了模型的正确性.计算结果表明,处于啮合线上的齿对仅承担了部分载荷,故对齿根弯曲应力计算公式亦进行了适当修正.     

浅地表层界面折射波走时模拟

在工程与环境勘查中进行折射波法勘探时,其勘探对象通常为浅地表的层界面.由于当层界面起伏时无法得到折射波走时曲线的确切表达式,同时为了了解多个层界面的折射波走时曲线之间的相互影响,基于费马原理和斯奈尔定律实现了浅地表多层起伏界面折射波的走时模拟.利用水平层折射波时距曲线公式验证了编制程序的正确性,并模拟了野外常见地质模型的折射波走时.     

基于形态重构的豆粒分割算法

在实现大豆图像豆粒的分离时,针对分水岭算法中容易出现过分割等问题,综合利用H-Dome形态学重构以及距离变换改善梯度图局部多个极小值问题,再使用分水岭算法找到粘结边界点,从而将颗粒分离.实验结果验证了此方法的有效性.