Changes in the content and antioxidative activity of β-carotene and its metabolite vitamin A during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption and optimisation of HPLC-based detection

The β-Carotene (BC), an important precursor of vitamin A (VA), possesses antioxidant activity but is fat-soluble and has low bioavailability. In previous in-vitro assays evaluating antioxidant and 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) free radical scavenging, both BC and VA showed a strong ability to scavenge radicals and protected cells from oxidative stress. Here, we used artificially simulated gastrointestinal digestion and Caco-2 cell absorption models to evaluate the bioavailability of the BC during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. We observed high absorptive and transfer rates of BC and detected retinol metabolites (Vitamin A). Therefore, BC can be detected in the acidic gastrointestinal environment using HPLC. Optimised method provided better separation of BC and VA in the column, improving the accuracy of the test results.     

Structure and properties of collagen‐konjac glucomannan‐sodium alginate blend films

A new kind of blend film was made by mixing the solutions of collagen, konjac glucommnnan (KGM), and sodium alginate. The structure of the blend film was characterized by FTIR, XRD, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and SEM, respectively. The effects of weight ratio between the polymers on light transmittance, tensile strength, elongation at break, water permeability, and water absorption of the film were studied. The results showed that there were strong interactions and good compatibility between collagen, KGM, and sodium alginate in the film. The film possesses good mechanical properties. Therefore, it can be applied in biomedicine as a new type of biomaterial. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

脯氨酸及其衍生物有机小分子催化剂的研究进展

近几年来,脯氨酸及其衍生物等手性有机小分子催化剂,主要为酰胺类、二胺类和肽类催化剂,凭借自己独特的优势,比如不含金属、容易制备、价格低廉、反应条件温和、稳定性好、对环境友好等,在不对称合成中发挥着越来越重要的作用,受到人们越来越多的关注。已经发现,这些新的有机小分子能够催化许许多多的有机反应。     

Activity and stability ofPenicillium cyclopium lipase in surfactant and detergent solutions

Activity and stability of an alkaline lipase fromPenicillium cyclopium var.album (PG 37) were studied in surfactant and detergent solutions. Three anionic surfactants [Na salts of C₁₂SO₄ ^? (sodium dodecyl sulfate), C₁₂ØSO₃/^? (linear alkyl benzene sulfonate), and C₁₁COO^? (laurate)] and four homologous series of nonionic surfactants of C_12–15 polyoxethylenated fatty alcohols (AEO₃, AEO₅, AEO₇, and AEO₉) were evaluated. At a concentration range of 3.2–40 μM, sodium dodecyl sulfate and laurate stimulated the activity of PG 37 lipase. At concentrations greater than 5.6 μM, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate inhibited PG 37 lipase activity. Nonionic surfactants, AEO₅ and AEO₇, in the concentration range of 0.25–20 mM, enhanced and stabilized the activity of PG 37 lipase. The presence of PG 37 lipase in detergent formulaton improved detergency ～20%. The mechanism of inhibition of the lipolytic activity of PG 37 lipase is proposed to be partly due to the formation of inactive (BR)_n-E complex between the hydrophobic moiety of the surfactants and the surface of the lipase. Conversely, formation of a soluble (RB)_n-E complex between the hydrophilic group of the surfactant and lipase may account for the increased lipolytic activity of PG 37 lipase.     

基于神经网络的汽车侧面造型评价方法

利用反向传播(BP)神经网络,在 MATLAB 中搭建汽车造型轮廓与意象语义之间的关系模型,快 速判断汽车侧面造型风格。随后利用卷积神经网络(CNN)搭建的表情识别模型建立汽车造型评价系统,分析并 识别用户对于新设计的喜好程度,以得到符合用户情感需求的汽车侧面造型方案。最后通过实例验证方法的可 行性,并推断出流线型汽车的最佳曲率范围。实验结果表明,基于神经网络的汽车造型量化评价方法可以较准 确地对产品造型设计进行评价并以数据形式得到具体意象的侧面造型。     

基于自适应阈值分割改进Canny算子的管道边缘检测方法研究

针对工厂中管道破损位置无法通过机器视觉准确判断的问题,提出一种基于自适应阈值分割改进Canny算子的管道边缘检测方法。该方法从滤波方式、梯度方向以及阈值分割角度对采集图像进行处理,首先采用采样-自适应中值滤波+双边滤波代替传统Canny算子中的高斯滤波,减少图像边缘信息丢失并去除图像中的噪声,然后增加梯度幅值的计算来更好地检测不同方向的边缘信息,最后为避免人工选取阈值效果不佳的情况,采用最大类间方差 (OTSU)阈值分割算 法进行阈值的自适应选取。实验表明,该方法相比于传统Canny算子的图像信噪比提升28.22%,边缘点数提升39.97%,四连通道数提升11.52%,八连通道数提升5.92%,提取特征完整且连续性较好,实现了对管道图像中破损情况的有效检测。     

壳聚糖-醋酸改性对小麦面筋蛋白溶解度的影响及蛋白质二级结构的分析研究

以自制的小麦面筋蛋白为原料,采用壳聚糖与醋酸共同作用改善小麦面筋蛋白的溶解性能.确定最佳工艺条件为:醋酸pH值为3、壳聚糖添加量为0.1%(占小麦面筋蛋白干基的质量,W/W)、加热温度为70℃、搅拌时间为50 min.在此奈件下,小麦面筋蛋白的溶解度由原来的0.35 g/L提高到了7.69 g/L.此外,红外光谱分析表明,在壳聚糖添加量为0.1%时,壳聚糖对面筋蛋白产生的仅仅是物理作用而不是化学接枝作用.     

响应面优化荔枝酒混菌发酵工艺的研究

以酒精含量为指标,筛选发酵性能最好的混菌酵母组合.通过Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选出影响荔枝酒发酵工艺的3个主要因素.响应面优化确定了混菌发酵荔枝酒的最佳工艺参数:发酵温度17.86℃,pH3.47,接种量9.74％(V/V),酒精含量达12.53％(V/V).对比分析了混菌发酵与单菌发酵荔枝酒中主要风味成分的变化.结果表明:混菌发酵降低了有机酸总量,使酒体协调性增加,增加的氨基酸总量赋予了荔枝酒较高的营养价值;混菌发酵的荔枝酒感官评分高于单菌发酵.     

柚皮基活性炭吸附除磷试验

采用农业废弃物柚子皮制备活性炭用于吸附去除废水中的磷,研究了溶液中磷的初始浓度、柚皮基活性炭投加量、pH和温度等因素对磷吸附过程的影响。研究结果显示：在pH值为2、6和10时,制备的活性炭样品对磷的吸附量变化不大;在温度20～50℃范围,吸附量变化并不明显（0.60～0.69 mg/g）,40℃时,磷的吸附量接近最大值（0.69 mg/g）;随着初始浓度的增加,磷的吸附量逐渐增大。吸附数据遵循Freundlich等温吸附模型,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。吸附的表观活化能为42.03 kJ/mol,柚皮基活性炭对磷的吸附属于化学吸附。     

超声强化苯甲醛接枝壳聚糖的缩合反应

壳聚糖希夫碱具有优良的金属离子螯合能力,但传统方法制备的反应时间长,缩合率不高。为了缩短制备的时间和提高缩合率．本文引入超声场来强化该缩合反应,并通过正交设计实验优化反应条件．超声辅助反应的缩合度为92．99％,比传统方法提高了19．03％;超声辅助制备的优化条件为：反应物配比（n苯甲醛：n壳聚糖）为6,超声功率为180kw,超声处理时间为4h,反应温度为70℃,反应溶液pH为5．