基于图像处理的印制电路板缺陷自动检测

基于图像处理的精密检测是现代测量技术的重要发展方向;论文提供了将标准电路板图像和待检测电路板图像进行二值化分割、图像形态学处理、图像配准和差影检测处理为基础的检测系统;其中图像配准是关键,为了提高处理速度达到实时处理的目的,图像配准采用了快速处理算法;经实验结果分析,该方法能较准确的检测出待检测电路板上存在的缺陷,达到了自动实时检测的目的.     

Influence of types and charges of exchangeable cations on ciprofloxacin sorption by montmorillonite

As one of the most important soil components, montmorillonite plays a vital role in transport and retention of organic pollutants in soils. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), an antibiotic of fluoroquiolones, has been frequently detected in water and soil environments due to its wide use in human and veterinary medicine. In this study, the adsorption of CIP onto different homoionic montmorillonite such as Na-, Ca- and Al-MMT was investigated, and the influence of types and charges of exchangeable cations in the interlayer of montmorillonite on CIP adsorption was evaluated. The results showed that different homoionic montmorillonite exhibited different sorption capacity of CIP. At pH 3, the sorption capacity of CIP decreased in the order Na-MMT > Ca-MMT > Al-MMT, following the lyotropic series. When solution pH increased to 11, the sorption capacity of CIP followed the order Ca-MMT > Al-MMT > Na-MMT. Accompanying CIP adsorption on Ca-MMT, a certain amount of Ca2+ was released into solution. Compared to pH 3, the lower Ca concentration in solution at pH 11 indicated that the adsorption of CIP on Ca-MMT at strong alkaline pH was no longer via cation exchange, and surface complexation or cation bridging might contribute to CIP adsorption. The adsorption of CIP on Na- and Ca-MMT at pH 3 and 11 resulted in the expansion of d-spacing, indicative of intercalation of CIP into the interlayer space of the montmorillonite. However, a decrease of d-spacing was observed when CIP adsorbed on Al-MMT at pH 11, which might be attributed to the dissolution of Al-CIP complex formed between CIP and Al3+ in the interlayer of montmorillonite. The results suggest that the types and charges of exchangeable cations in the interlayer of montmorillonite play an important role in CIP adsorption on montmorillonite.     

滑坡治理工程施工监理质量控制难点综述

中国滑坡治理工程监理水平还处于初期阶段.如何解决滑坡治理工程监理难点、提高监理水平和实际操作能力.时工程质量进行有效控制.使滑坡地质灾害治理工程发挥良好的社会效益和经济效益,是值得从事滑坡治理工程施工监理理论研究者和从事现场监理工程师共同探讨的课题,结合三峡库区滑坡治理工程施工监理实践经验,就监理工程师在滑坡治理工程施工的事前、事中、事后的质量控制难点进行详细探讨,指出滑坡治理工程施工监理阶段是滑坡治理项目质量控制的关键阶段,监理工程师要具备滑坡地质灾害勘察、设计、工程施工方面的专业技术水平,才能从根本上把好质量关;监理要清正廉洁,严把质量关;滑坡地质灾害治理工程监理要具备良好的身体素质,才能亲临关键部位(井下、硐内)进行有效的质量控制;为减少工程施工监理质量控制难度,保证施工质量,提高工程施工监理效益,建议业主与施工方的工程施工合同采用单价合同.     

环氧树脂潜伏性体系固化反应动力学研究

本文用差式扫描量热仪（ＤＳＣ）对ＢＰＥＡ－２／环氧树脂潜伏性固化体系的固化反应进行分析,并 分别利用Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇｅｒ和Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ方法求得了体系固化反应的表观活化能,利用Ｃｒａｎｅ等理论求出 了体系固化反应的反应级数及不同反应温度下的反应速率常数,’写出了固化反应的动力学方程。 结果表明：ＢＰＥＡ－２／ＣＹＤ－１２８环氧树脂潜伏性固化体系的表观活化能约为８４．１１ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,其反应 方程式为：－ｄａ／ｄｔ＝ｋ（１－ａ）０．９６。     

利用衍射光学元件增加出射光束的焦深

在入射光束的孔径受限制的情况下,利用衍射光学元件来增加激光束的焦深。首先确定光阑孔径的大小、然后利用Y-G算法,在已知入射和出射光波函数的条件下,计算出衍射光学元件的位相分布。计算结果表明焦深可以比未用衍射光学元件时增加一半或更多。     

湘西大庸上震旦统灯影组震裂角砾岩

湘西大庸上震旦统灯影组中碳酸盐岩震裂角砾岩垂向序列由５个层段组成,自下而上分别为:下伏未震层段、裂缝层段、微褶曲层段、角砾岩层段及上覆未震层段。一个垂向序列代表了一次地震灾变事件。与已有的标准序列比较,缺乏液化均一层段,这可能反映了固结程度较高的较刚性岩体的破裂机理。震裂角砾岩是一种较好的储集岩体,以发生地震的断裂系统为中心,组成向两则储集岩体尖灭的岩性圈闭类型。      

用碘释放法研究双束脉冲超声辐照的空化产率增强效应

本文首次采用碘释放法发现双束脉冲超声辐照的空化产率增强效应。这一发现无疑对声空化效应的基础研究和声化学技术发展具有重要的意义。     

准噶尔盆地石炭、二叠系沉积相和模式

本文在大量岩石、地层、构造及古生物资料的基融上,以活动论为依据,将准噶尔盆地石炭、二叠系沉积相划分为3个相区、11个相带、13个相,棍据大地构造背景,又将它们归纳为6个相系。根据沉积相分布规律及大地构造背景等建立了石炭纪、早二叠世及晚二叠世的沉积体系模式,并阐述了主要生油气层、储油气层及盖层有利相带的分布规律。     

江汉盆地江陵凹陷油气富集规律与勘探方向

江汉盆地江陵凹陷主力烃源岩为新沟嘴组下段,梅槐桥—资福寺向斜是生油中心。已经发现的油气藏具有圈闭规模小、充满度低、环生油中心较集中分布的特点和规律,以断层为主的输导体系和储层物性是油气成藏和富集的主要控制因素。江陵凹陷白垩—第三系资源探明率仅为12.4%,探明程度很低,还具有很大的勘探潜力。荆州背斜带南缘斜坡和梅槐桥洼陷内构造—岩性及岩性圈闭、万城断裂上盘白垩系及前白垩系古潜山、公安单斜带火山岩储层及生油洼陷中的页岩油是今后一段时间油气勘探的突破方向和领域。      

Study on the Spectrum of Miniature Optically Pumped NH3 Submillimeter-Wave Laser

By means of an iteration method and taking into account the broadening of the infrared pumping laser, the spectrum of a miniature, optically pumped, superradiant NH₃ submillimeter-wave(SMMW) gas laser pumped by CO₂-10R(8) has been calculated and studied by solving density matrix equations. Experimentally, the interferogram of miniature SMMW laser pumped by a TEA-CO₂ laser with 10R(8) line is measured. This is the first time that the theoretical spectrum has been in good agreement with experimental results.