Nickel foam-supported Fe,Ni-Polyporphyrin microparticles: Efficient bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting in alkaline media

Developing highly active, stable and sustainable electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is of great importance to generate renewable H₂ for fuel cells. Herein, we report the synthesis of electrocatalytically active, nickel foam-supported, spherical core-shell Fe-poly(tetraphenylporphyrin)/Ni-poly(tetraphenylporphyrin) microparticles (FeTPP@NiTPP/NF). We also show that FeTPP@NiTPP/NF exhibits efficient bifunctional electrocatalytic properties toward both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Electrochemical tests in KOH solution (1 M) reveal that FeTPP@NiTPP/NF electrocatalyzes the OER with 100 mA cm⁻² at an overpotential of 302 mV and the HER with 10 mA cm⁻² at an overpotential of 170 mV. Notably also, its catalytic performance for OER is better than that of RuO₂, the benchmark OER catalyst. Although its catalytic activity for HER is slightly lower than that of Pt/C (the benchmark HER electrocatalyst), it shows greater stability than the latter during the reaction. The material also exhibits electrocatalytic activity for overall water splitting reaction at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² with a cell voltage of 1.58 V, along with a good recovery property. Additionally, the work demonstrates a new synthetic strategy to an efficient, noble metal-free-coordinated covalent organic framework (COF)-based, bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting.     

WO3/CeO2/YSZ nanocomposite as a potential catalyst for methanol reforming

A WO₃/CeO₂/YSZ nanocomposite material [W/Zr nominal atomic ratio = 0.025, Ce/Zr nominal atomic ratio = 0.020] was prepared by wet impregnation and characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopic techniques, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis.Both tungsten and cerium oxides are significantly reduced at the interface with YSZ: Ce(III), in particular, seems to be the prevailing species.The interaction of the WO₃/CeO₂/YSZ nanopowder with pyridine and CO₂ allowed to investigate the acidic/basic sites. Weak contributions at 1602, 1625 and 1647 cm⁻¹ suggest the presence of Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites, whereas basic sites are not evidenced by the interaction with carbon dioxide. The presence of tungsten oxide causes the decrement of the acidic/basic sites, as indicated by the comparison with the results obtained on the CeO₂/YSZ support. Consistently, the interaction with methanol is mainly molecular.The oxidation of methanol was investigated both in the absence and in the presence of water. In the last case carbon dioxide starts forming from room temperature.     

基于内容图像检索中的优化鉴别特征

为了提高基于内容图像检索系统的检索速度和准确率,提出一种融合两类线性鉴别分析的方法来提取低维的优化鉴别特征.首先把多类问题转换为多个两类问题,对每个两类问题进行线性鉴别分析,得到鉴别向量;所有的鉴别向量组成鉴别变换矩阵,对图像特征进行投影变换得到鉴别特征;最后用变换后的鉴别特征进行图像检索或分类,得到准确率更高的结果.该方法中鉴别特征空间的维数与类别数相等.与多种特征优化方法进行比较的实验结果表明,采用文中方法可以显著地提高图像检索和图像分类的性能.     

一种用户故事需求质量提升方法

敏捷开发采用用户故事表达用户需求.一般采用格式受限的自然语言编写,但在用户故事编写过程中经常出现一些表述上的缺陷.典型的缺陷包括缺失必要信息、意思表达含糊不清、故事间有重复或存在冲突等.这很大程度上影响了需求的质量,影响软件开发项目的进行.提出一种用户故事需求质量提升方法.从故事缺陷定位的角度出发,该方法构建了用户故事概念模型,并根据实际案例总结并提出11条用户故事应遵循的质量准则.从而提出故事结构分析、句法模式分析以及语法分析等技术,用于自动构建带场景用户故事的实例层模型,并根据准则进行故事缺陷检测,进而提升用户故事质量.在包含36个用户故事84个场景的实际项目中进行实验,自动检测出173个缺陷,缺陷检测的准确率和召回率分别达到88.79%和95.06%.     

预成膜雾化超临界流体强制分散溶液过程及应用

设计了预成膜二流式喷嘴用于超临界流体强制分散溶液(SEDS)过程以获得良好的雾化与传质效果。采用预成膜雾化的SEDS(SEDS-PA)过程对胡萝卜素、麻黄素及黄芩甙进行了超细和聚合物包覆实验以考察该法制备药物微粒和载药聚合物微粒的有效性。通过SEM及光学显微镜照片分析微粒形态,用分光光度法检测药物在聚合物微粒中的含量。实验表明,通过SEDS-PA过程可成功地对天然药物超细化,并用聚合物对其包覆,从而制备药物微粒及载药聚合物微粒。     

基于决策树方法的云南省森林分类研究

森林分类对于理解森林生态系统结构和功能具有重要意义。由于云南省地形和森林类型复杂,首先按云南省的16个行政区划将全省Landsat TM影像分为对应的16个区域。以TM波段1~5和7,以及由植被指数、缨帽变换、主成分变换、DEM组成的18个变量组,统计训练样本光谱值均值变化和光谱值与频率间的关系。利用交点计算公式计算类间最佳分类界点进而建立决策树,逐一分离各区的所有森林类型,将分类结果合并得到云南省阔叶林、针叶林和针阔混交林类型分布图。最后将分类结果与监督分类中的最大似然比法的分类结果进行对比。结果表明:监督分类的总体分类精度为74.39%,Kappa系数为0.63,决策树方法的总体分类精度为86.61%,Kappa系数为0.80,说明决策树方法可以提取高精度的云南省森林类型,进而为该区域森林叶面积指数和生物量反演等研究提供基础数据支持。     

克隆代码技术研究综述

软件系统中克隆代码的检测与管理是软件工程中的基本问题之一, 在软件的质量、维护、架构、进化、专利和剽窃等众多领域有着广泛的应用需求。综述了克隆检测的过程、技术及其优缺点、克隆进化方向上的相关研究, 以及克隆管理的一些技术, 并特别介绍了克隆重构技术。最后概括了该领域所取得的研究成果, 并讨论了目前克隆代码研究中所遇到的挑战性问题。     

Aromatization of n-hexane on Mo2C catalysts

The deposition-precipitation method was used to prepare gold catalysts based on different supports. Their catalytic activities for combustion of carbon monoxide (CO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) were investigated. All these catalysts showed good activity for the two reactions and the Au/CeO₂-a catalyst exhibited the highest activity for the two reactions. Furthermore, catalysts derived from the as-precipitate hydroxides exhibited higher activity than that from corresponding oxide supports. The BET, XRD, TEM and XPS were carried out. The results indicated that the gold dispersed more homogeneous on the as-precipitate hydroxide supports than that on the corresponding oxide supports.     

代码搜索方法研究进展

开源软件的成功推动了软件产业的蓬勃发展,大量代码资源为代码搜索创造了条件.如何通过代码搜索技术找到需求代码成为一个重要问题.为了更好地推进后续研究工作,首先对代码搜索相关概念及研究趋势进行介绍和说明;其次对使用不同技术的代码搜索研究工作进行综述,包括基于信息检索、查询和代码描述增强、程序特征分类以及深度学习等方面,并进一步总结归纳不同方法的优缺点;接下来针对代码搜索技术所应用的多个领域进行介绍,包括程序合成、代码推荐与补全和代码风格改善等方面;最后分析现阶段代码搜索面临的主要问题,为未来该方向的发展提供一定的参考与建议.