高效环保型水基洗井液室内研究与性能评价

以渤海最大稠油油田SZ36-1油田的油污为研究对象,采用多种表面活性剂复配,研制了高效环保型水基洗井液;并对该洗井液的油污 清洗性能,与原油、地层水配伍性以及储层保护和环保等性能进行了系统地评价.结果表明 ,高效环保型水基洗井液对稠油油污具有良好的清洗能力;与0#柴油相比较,不仅洗井成 本低、时间短,而且还具有防腐作用和环保性能好等优点;同时,该洗井液还具有良好的配伍性和储层保护性能.     

An integrated system of biological and catalytic oxidation for the removal of o-xylene from exhaust

Biofiltration is an efficient technology for treatment of gaseous waste. Its disadvantages, however, include large volume of bioreactor and slow adaptation to fluctuating concentrations in waste gas. Catalytic oxidation offers a high destructive efficiency at relatively low operating temperature and small unit. A bench scale system integrated with a biofilter and a catalytic oxidation unit for the treatment of gases containing o-xylene was investigated in this study. The catalytic oxidation unit was packed with Cu/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The results showed that 90% of o-xylene could be removed in the biofilter at the load below 38.2 g m⁻³ h⁻¹. High o-xylene concentration in inlet gas resulted in an overload of the biofilter. Using the Cu/Al₂O₃ catalytic oxidation unit, the concentration of o-xylene could be reduced evidently. The combination of the chemical and microbial processes not only led to a high and stable efficiency of o-xylene conversion, but also improved capacity resisting the shock loads. The Cu/Al₂O₃ was studied for o-xylene oxidation in temperature range of 90–320 °C. The o-xylene conversion was improved correspondingly with the increasing of oxidation temperature. The reaction mechanism of o-xylene oxidation on Cu/Al₂O₃ was also investigated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS).     

中国外贸顺差问题

中国外贸顺差是由低价出口的策略获得的;低价出口的原因在于生产者并未承担全部生产成本,这样便导致中国以自己的财富对外国消费者进行补贴;解决的方法在于加强对生产企业的监管,让生产者承担真实的生产成本.     

热系统简捷计算在火电厂再热机组中的应用

在火电厂运行机组的热经济指标的分析计算中，以等效焓降为基础提出等效凝汽焓降和等效凝汽系数的概念并将其用于再热机组的计算中，通过一个算例说明该方法有准确、物理概念清楚、便于计算的特点。     

土壤源热泵原理及工程实例介绍

简述土壤源热泵基本工作原理、埋管形式、优势及实用性,工程实例介绍北京九华山庄二期土壤热泵系统的设计、施工、调试情况,阐述了选择复合式系统的理由。     

高性能渠系土壤固化剂研究

SK-T系列渠系土壤固化剂是国家“863”项目“渠道输水系统防渗抗冻胀新材料新设备与水量监控产品研制及产业化开发”子题—“新型土壤固化剂的研制”的研究成果。采用SK-T系列渠系固化剂的稳定土具有优良的力学性能和耐久性能,强度可以达到15 MPa,渗透系数达到10-8cm/s,抗冻性能良好,能够满足渠系工程高强度、高抗渗性、高抗冻性的要求。     

优化改造油田生产工艺 增产增效提高环保水平——涠洲11-4油田生产工艺优化改造实践

油田生产水处理和海管输油能力不足是制约涠洲11-4油田生产和影响生产安全的瓶颈问题。合理利用油田原有设施和条件,对生产水处理系统和输油管道系统进行工艺优化改造,使该油田B平台海管运行的安全可靠性得以明显提高,并使油田生产水处理能力和处理质量得到有效改善,同时大幅度降低了油田生产成本,拓宽了油田增产挖潜的空间。涠洲11-4油田优化改造生产工艺实践经验,可为进一步拓宽海上老油气田的生产管理思路提供参考。     

包钢粉煤灰的综合利用

叙述了国内粉煤灰的综合利用途径,介绍了包钢粉煤灰综合利用的现状以及适合包钢实际的利用途径,并提出了相应的综合利用对策.     

热轧板卷厂集中补脂系统的开发与应用

针对常规自动干油润滑系统补脂时存在的问题，开发了一套新型集中自动补脂润滑系统并应用于韶钢宽中厚板厂，取得了较好的效果。     

Development,construction, and use of pneumometric tubes for measurement of steam flow in the steam lines of PVG-1000 at NPP

A system for the direct measurement of steam flow in steam lines after a steam generator, which utilizes a special design of pneumometric tubes and a computing unit that accounts for variation in steam pressure, has been developed to improve the quality of water-level regulation in the steam generators of VVéR-1000 power-generating units in the stationary and transitional modes. The advantage of the pneumometric tubes consists in their structural simplicity, high erosion resistance, and absence of irrevocable losses during measurement of steam flow. A similar measurement system is used at foreign NPP. The measurement system in question has been placed in experimental service at the No. 3 unit of the Balakovo NPP, and has demonstrated its worthiness. This measurement system can also be used to determine steam flow in the steam lines of NPP units with VVéR-1000 and VVéR-440 reactors, and PBMK-1000 power-generating units. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 3, March 2007, pp. 23–26.