计及频率稳定的多直流异步外送电网切机容量优化

异步互联格局下,送端电网惯性大幅下降,因直流闭锁引发的高频问题较为严重,传统应对高频问题的稳控切机策略存在切机量不精确（过切或欠切）以及切机后系统转动惯量匮乏等风险。针对现有稳控切机方案的不适应性,提出一种计及系统频率稳定需求的多直流异步外送电网切机容量优化模型。模型中耦合大容量直流闭锁故障下各种频率指标约束、网络潮流约束、备用及切机量约束,考虑系统内各类型机组调节性能及位置的差异性,利用理想点法和优序图法得到各类型机组的切机惩罚因子,通过切机综合代价最小化目标确定大容量直流闭锁事故下送端电网的最优切机方案。以改进的IEEE RTS-79系统为例进行了算例分析,验证了所构建模型的有效性与频率适应性。     

直流闭锁故障下风电并网功率和直流输送功率的耦合关系分析

中国一次能源和负荷成逆向分布,新能源基地集群通过特高压直流群外送,新能源高占比电网中风电和直流耦合关系复杂。首先,建立电网分析模型,研究风电和直流在电网频率、电压方面的耦合关系。其次,根据最大频率偏差耐受能力,计算风电和直流在频率方面的耦合关系。再次,根据直流闭锁故障后风电暂态过电压总脱网量约束,推导风电并网点的暂态压升,计算暂态压升和脱网量的关系,得到直流和风电在暂态过电压方面的耦合关系。理论计算结果表明：风电和直流呈负相关性。根据2020年西北电网青豫直流和近区风电并网功率的仿真结果,验证了理论推导的正确性。     

孤岛微电网逆变器不平衡负载下的控制策略

提出一种孤岛微电网逆变器在不平衡负载下的控制策略,采用分序网络解耦控制,在虚拟同步发电机(VSG)控制的基础上引入自适应负序补偿环.对三相负载不平衡下的电路进行分析,得到逆变器分序网络等效电路和逆变器间负序环流产生机理.通过分序网络解耦控制得到电压环参考电压各序分量,引入分序网络虚拟阻抗改进逆变器各序输出阻抗.正序网络采用VSG控制实现正序调频调压和电流的自主分配,负序网络加入负序补偿环抑制微电网三相电压负序分量.详细分析了微电网电压负序分量与负序补偿系数和逆变器输出电流负序分量的关系.负序补偿环采用自适应控制,在实现微电网三相电压平衡的同时根据逆变器额定容量自主分配输出电流负序分量.建模仿真结果验证了所提控制策略的有效性.     

Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase SmPHA4 Negatively Regulates the Biosynthesis of Tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, due to the pharmacological action of its active components such as the tanshinones. Plasma membrane (PM) H⁺-ATPase plays key roles in numerous physiological processes in plants. However, little is known about the PM H⁺-ATPase gene family in S. miltiorrhiza (Sm). Here, nine PM H⁺-ATPase isoforms were identified and named SmPHA1–SmPHA9. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the genetic distance of SmPHAs was relatively far in the S. miltiorrhiza PM H⁺-ATPase family. Moreover, the transmembrane structures were rich in SmPHA protein. In addition, SmPHA4 was found to be highly expressed in roots and flowers. HPLC revealed that accumulation of dihydrotanshinone (DT), cryptotanshinone (CT), and tanshinone I (TI) was significantly reduced in the SmPHA4-OE lines but was increased in the SmPHA4-RNAi lines, ranging from 2.54 to 3.52, 3.77 to 6.33, and 0.35 to 0.74 mg/g, respectively, suggesting that SmPHA4 is a candidate regulator of tanshinone metabolites. Moreover, qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression of tanshinone biosynthetic-related key enzymes was also upregulated in the SmPHA4-RNAi lines. In summary, this study highlighted PM H⁺-ATPase function and provided new insights into regulatory candidate genes for modulating secondary metabolism biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza.     

不平衡电网下SVG和APF共母线联合运行系统

针对不平衡电网下并联混合有源电力滤波器APF(active power filter)和无功补偿装置体积过大和系统损耗的问题,提出一种在不平衡电网下的静止无功发生器SVG(static var generator)和APF并直流母线联合运行系统。其中,SVG主要用来快速补偿无功和电网不平衡,APF滤出电网和SVG的特定次谐波。该联合系统通过并直流母线减小了电容的体积,使系统总体积减小;降低SVG的开关频率使系统损耗减少。对系统环流抑制策略进行了分析,确定了在从模块上加入环流进行抑制环节,并解决了并联系统中出现的环流问题。最后通过Matlab/Simulink仿真验证了该联合系统的可行性。     

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) and Abscisic Acid-, Stress-, and Ripening-Induced (ASR) Gene Superfamily from Canavalia rosea and Their Roles in Salinity/Alkaline and Drought Tolerance

Canavalia rosea (bay bean), distributing in coastal areas or islands in tropical and subtropical regions, is an extremophile halophyte with good adaptability to seawater and drought. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins typically accumulate in response to various abiotic stresses, including dehydration, salinity, high temperature, and cold, or during the late stage of seed development. Abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) genes are stress and developmentally regulated plant-specific genes. In this study, we reported the first comprehensive survey of the LEA and ASR gene superfamily in C. rosea. A total of 84 CrLEAs and three CrASRs were identified in C. rosea and classified into nine groups. All CrLEAs and CrASRs harbored the conserved motif for their family proteins. Our results revealed that the CrLEA genes were widely distributed in different chromosomes, and all of the CrLEA/CrASR genes showed wide expression features in different tissues in C. rosea plants. Additionally, we introduced 10 genes from different groups into yeast to assess the functions of the CrLEAs/CrASRs. These results contribute to our understanding of LEA/ASR genes from halophytes and provide robust candidate genes for functional investigations in plant species adapted to extreme environments.     

具有直流故障穿越能力的模块化多电平换流拓扑推演与对比

直流故障具有影响范围广、故障电流大的特征,已成为制约直流系统发展的重要因素之一。模块化多电平换流器可通过配置双极性子模块实现直流故障穿越,但相比于基于半桥子模块的拓扑,其建造成本与运行损耗均大幅增加。为寻求兼顾硬件成本、运行效率与直流故障穿越能力的模块化多电平换流拓扑,首先通过拓扑抽象定义与模块配置约束,遍历并推导出4大类共13种模块化多电平换流拓扑;进而优选出T型桥臂交替多电平换流器,并提出桥臂移相导通调制,实现其高效功率变换与直流故障穿越的兼顾;最后,计及硬件成本、运行损耗、可靠性与可实现性等维度,对各类具有直流故障穿越能力的拓扑进行了系统性对比,为具有故障穿越能力需求的交直流变换场景提供模块化多电平换流拓扑的选择依据。     

关注区可变的实时仿真方法与平台

交直流混合电网的实时仿真既要考虑电力电子设备的开关特性,又要保证适应较大的电网规模,在实际工程中面临诸多困难.给子网络赋予动态可变的关注标志,对关注子网络采用存储压力小的节点消去法,对非关注子网络采用计算量少的线性组合法,从而保证骨架型节点电压法的实用性.在Xilinx公司的Virtex-7 FPGA VC709开发板中,采用无缝的并行化仿真计算程序对接方式和灵活的结构参数查询方法解决了现场可编程逻辑门阵列资源的紧缺问题,设计了一种关注区可变的实时数字仿真平台.以典型的交直流混合电网为例,仿真验证了所提方法的可行性与所研发平台的有效性.     

考虑城市场景需求的中压直流配电网规划选优分析方法

针对城市配电网规划中多个中压直流配电网的建设优先次序尚无量化分析方法的问题,提出一种考虑城市场景需求的中压直流配电网规划选优分析方法.从供电质量提升需求、城市场景需求和配电网经济性3个层面建立了一套城市中压直流配电网规划选优综合指标体系,在供电质量提升需求方面考虑与目标水平之间的差距,在城市场景需求方面考虑中压交流配电网的建设局限性与中压直流配电网的建设驱动力,在经济性方面关注缺电损失成本严重性.通过云模型对定性指标量化,基于德尔菲-熵权法的层次加性加权计算各配电网综合评价值,并以此排序,在年度总投资约束下,以方案总体综合评价值最大为目标实现规划对象选优,从而安排多个中压直流配电网的建设优先级.以某地区配电网为例,验证了所提方法的实用性.     

考虑多节点条件约束的柔直系统故障限流器与断路器优化配置方法

首先建立了适用于多节点柔直系统的潮流及故障电流的数值计算优化模型,并在三端仿真系统中验证了所建模型的准确性.随后设置约束条件及目标函数,利用粒子群优化算法建立了多端柔直系统中故障限流器与断路器的优化配置数学模型.在3节点环网中进行优化求解,并将结果配置到仿真模型检验其限流效果,验证了所提优化配置方法的准确性.最后通过所提多目标粒子群优化算法对11节点柔直系统进行故障限流器与断路器配置的优化求解,并将所得结果与多目标遗传算法进行对比.结果表明,所提优化配置方法具有较高的普适性,可实现多节点柔直系统中故障限流器与断路器的低成本配置.