Cu-Pb过偏晶合金颗粒生长和Ostwald熟化的相场法模拟

采用计算效率和计算精度较高的Fourier变换谱分析方法求解Cahn-Hilliard相场方程,并耦合热力学数据,对Cu-Pb过偏晶合金在等温情况下液相分离过程中的颗粒生长和Ostwald熟化进行了模拟研究.结果表明,合金体系中两液相区中的第二相颗粒生长和Ostwald熟化过程可以通过调节能量梯度系数和迁移率系数实现.在过饱和基体中第二相单个颗粒生长的计算结果表明,颗粒生长的扩散过程主要是系统自由能作用的结果,能量梯度系数γ对颗粒与基体之间的浓度梯度起调节作用.随着γ的减小,两液相之间的浓度梯度增大,颗粒轮廓线的斜率增加.颗粒半径的生长速率与经典的Zener理论良好吻合.模拟了Cu-Pb过偏晶合金不混溶区析出第二相颗粒半径的分布情况,随着粗化过程的进行,归一化颗粒半径的尺寸分布峰值由初始的小于平均尺寸逐渐向平均尺寸靠近,且最终超过平均尺寸.     

水电站座环及导叶用钢SXQ500/550DZ35热力学计算及析出相分析

水电建设的发展，对水电站座环及导叶用SXQ500/550DZ35特厚板的性能提出了更高的要求，其成分中加入合金元素多，各种相的析出复杂，而析出相与钢的组织性能密切相关，因此利用Thermo Calc软件对SXQ500/550DZ35水电用钢进行了热力学计算及平衡相分析。结果表明，FCC_A1#2、FCC_A1#3及FCC_A1#4相析出温度区间集中于900~1 400 ℃之间，属于微合金元素V、Nb、Ti与C、N元素结合生成的碳化物以及碳氮化物，其能钉扎奥氏体晶界，细化奥氏体晶粒。通过钢板在970、1 020、1 070 ℃保温22 min后水淬至常温，并采用场发射电镜对其进行检测，析出相主要为NbC、TiC、Ti（C,N），与热力学软件计算相符合。     

Mn和Mg对Al-5Fe合金初生Al3Fe相形貌的影响

Mn和Mg添加到Al-5Fe(质量分数，％，下同)合金中，初生Al3Fe相的形貌发生明显变化．未加入合金元素时，该合金中的初生Al3Fe相长成粗大的针片状；加入2．5％Mn和0．1％Mg(质量分数，下同)后，粗大的初生富铁相消失，取而代之的是细小针状、粒状和花朵状；加入2．5％Mn和1．5％Mg，合金中的富铁相大部分转变为粒状和穗状(分叉状)两种．探讨了粒状和穗状的形成机理．对合金力学性能的测试表明，加入Mn和Mg后，合金的抗拉强度得到了不同程度的提高：Al～5Fe合金为107MPa，Al-5Fe-2．5Mn-0．1Mg合金为139MPa，Al-5Fle-2．5Mn-1．5Mg合金为122MPa，增长幅度分别为29．9％和14％．     

含硅过共析钢晶界铁素体形成的热力学分析

将合金元素在珠光体相变时无分配状态下形成的含Ｓｉ合金渗碳体做为一种介稳相处理，利用规则溶液亚点阵模型和有关文献中的数据，计算了含Ｓｉ合金渗碳体相对于无Ｓｉ渗碳体的自由能增量δＧＦｅ３ＣＳｉ，得到了渗碳体中含Ｓｉ量和δＧＦｅ３ＣＳｉ的对应关系；并利用Ｓｉ在不同温度下的分配系数，计算了Ｓｉ对ＦｅＣ合金介稳态γ／［γ＋Ｆｅ３Ｃ］相界碳浓度（Ａ′ｃｍ）的影响。所得结果认为，含Ｓｉ过共析钢珠光体转变时在原奥氏体晶界出现连续网状铁素体，是Ｓｉ增加含Ｓｉ渗碳体自由能，从而提高了介稳态γ／［γ＋Ｆｅ３Ｃ］相界碳浓度（Ａ′ｃｍ）的结果。     

TWO KINDS OF VARIANT IN SHAPE MEMORY MATERIAL

In shape memory materials,that have been trained to have a two way shape memory effect(TWSM),themartensitic variants are classified into two groups,i.e.,preferentially oriented variants and self-accommodatingvariants.Applied stress may promote or constrain the transition of preferentially oriented variants and so changetransformation temperatures but has no essential effect on self-accommodating variants.According to the pointof view mentioned above,some experimental phenomena during thermocycling of a TWSM device may be ex-plained,such as the absence of synchronization between the plot of resistance change.temperature and the plotof memory strain vs.temperature.     

Electrochemical properties of CeMg_(11)Ni+x% Ni composites (x=0,50, 100 and 200) prepared by ball-milling

1　INTRODUCTIONMagnesium and magnesium based alloys arepromising hydrogen storage materials because oftheir absorbability of hydrogen in large quantities,low specific gravity, rich mineral resources, lowmaterial cost and so on. Nevertheless, their hy drides are too stable to be used at room tempera ture[1]. It seems impossible for application of crys talline Mg based alloys in nickel hydrogen batter ies.It is well known that amorphous alloys havemany advanta…     

Life cycle analysis of sanitary landfill and incineration of municipal solid waste

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｒａｐｉｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｕｒｂａｎｉｚａ ｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓｈａｓｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄｉｎｓｕｂｓｔａｎ ｔｉａｌｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｏｆｓｏｌｉｄｗａｓｔｅ .Ｉｔｗａｓｅ     

定向凝固钴基高温合金中碳化物形态和分布

本文研究一种定向凝固钴基高温合金中碳化物的形态和分布，结果表明，随固速度的增大，碳化物含量存在一极大值，ν〈７ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ时，碳化物量随ν增加，ν〉７ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ时，则反之，碳化物的尺寸则呈直线趋势下降。随距水冷板距离增大，碳化物量和尺寸均单调增加。碳化物量和尺寸随凝固参数的变化规律是合金性能变化的内在本质因素。     

KPO3—MoO3熔盐相图

用目测变温法及差热分析法测定了KPO3－MoO3体系熔盐相图，发现该体系生成两个化合物，它们的化学计量式分别为3KPO3·MoO3和KPO3·MoO3，经X射线衍射及Raman光谱分析得到进一步证实。     

Microstructures and Properties of Laser-Glazed Plasma-Sprayed ZrO2-YO1.5/Ni-22Cr-10AI-1Y Thermal Barrier Coatings

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) consisting of two layers with various yttria contents (ZrO ₂- YO_1.5/Ni-22Cr-10Al- lY) were plasma sprayed, and parts of the various specimens were glazed by using a pulsed CO₂ laser. All the specimens were then subjected to furnace thermal cycling tests at 1100 °C; the effect of laser glazing on the durability and failure mechanism of the TBCs was then evaluated. From these results, two models were developed to show the failure mechanism of as- sprayed and laser- glazed TBCs: model A, which is thermal-stress dominant, and model V, which is oxidation-stress dominant. For top coats containing cubic phase, cubic and monoclinic phases, or tetragonal and a relatively larger amount of monoclinic phases, whose degradation is thermal- stress dominant, laser glazing improved the durability of TBCs by a factor of about two to six. Segmented cracks that occurred during glazing proved beneficial for accommodating thermal stress and raising the tolerance to oxidation, which resulted in a higher durability. Thermal barrier coatings with top coats containing tetragonal phase had the highest durability. Degradation of such TBCs resulted mainly from oxidation of the bond coats. For top coats with a greater amount of monoclinic phase, thermal mismatch stress occurred during cooling and detrimentally affected durability.