改性稻草秸秆对重金属铅的吸附性能研究

采用Na OH预处理和高锰酸钾氧化对稻草秸秆进行改性,通过扫描电镜观测和红外光谱表征分析,平衡吸附法对比实验,探讨在不同固液比、p H、吸附时间、温度、初始浓度、Cu2+、Cr3+等条件下,改性前后秸秆对Pb2+的吸附影响。结果表明,改性使得秸秆分子结构和表观发生了明显的变化,其活性和可及度相应增加;吸附平衡量由6.31 mg·g-1提高至9.11 mg·g-1;吸附过程符合Langmuuir模型和准二级动力学模型;Cu2+、Cr3+对Pb2+吸附起拮抗作用。     

氯盐溶液中铅置换银的动力学

应用旋转圆盘技术研究了饱和氯化钠溶液中铅置换银的动力学。置换速率明显受到温度、搅拌速率、初始银浓度及溶液ｐＨ值的影响。溶液ｐＨ值由中性降至弱酸性时，有利于置换反应的进行。适当条件下，每平方米铅板上银的沉积量在１．５ｈ内可达到０．２６ｋｇ以上。体系的置换反应机理符合扩散控制机理。动力学数据服从一级反应速率的规律。     

新型铜合金铸造添加剂对HPb59-1组织和性能的影响

研制了一种新型铜合金铸造添加剂。研究了不同的添加剂加入量对HPb59-1铸态组织和性能的影响,及在不同截面尺寸和不同铸造方法条件下的使用效果。结果表明,不加铜合金铸造添加剂时HPb59-1的铸态组织主要由粗大的α和β相组成,加入添加剂后组织变为细小片状或等轴晶,明显改善铅黄铜的组织形态,有效的细化铅黄铜的组织;加入0.02%的添加剂可以提高铅黄铜的力学性能20%以上;添加剂对不同截面尺寸和不同铸造方法得到的铸件组织,均有较好的细化效果。     

Integrated metallic gauge in a piezoelectric cantilever

In this study, a self-sensitive piezoelectric cantilever with a new design for sensing is presented. Micro-cantilevers were actuated by a 120 nm-thick Lead Zirconate Titanate Oxide (PZT) layer. Detection was done by measuring the resistance of a metallic gauge integrated on the surface of the micro-piezoelectric cantilevers. Some metallic gauges were embedded in a Wheatstone bridge to improve the measured resistance accuracy. Devices with direct resistance measurement were also realized. Gauge resistance responses were compared with an optical measurement by a White Light Interferometer. By biasing the PZT between −5 V and 5 V, cyclic deflection of the cantilever was detected with both optical and metallic gauge resistance systems. The two measurements fit. This self-sensitive piezoelectric cantilever can be used for fatigue test with packaged devices.     

Correlation between the plating regime of lead film deposition and electrode response after accumulation of organic compound. Microscopic study

The properties of the lead film electrode designed for adsorptive stripping voltammetric measurements of organic compounds were examined by electrochemical and microscopic techniques. The effect of Pb(II) concentration, the influence of deposition potential and time of the lead film formation on the determination of bleomycin at an in situ lead-coated glassy carbon electrode have been studied. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the Pb crystallite growth on the glassy carbon surface. The morphology of the deposits was evaluated and its influence on the bleomycin responses was discussed.     

An integrated vendor–buyer inventory model with backorder price discount and effective investment to reduce ordering cost

The single-vendor single-buyer integrated production inventory system has been an object of study for a long time, but little is known about the effect of investing in reducing ordering cost on the integrated inventory models with backorder price discount and variable lead time. The purpose of this article is to investigate in the continuous review model with backorder price discount and variable lead time to effectively increase investment and to reduce the joint expected annual total cost. The integrated strategy discussed here is one in which the buyer orders a quantity, then the vendor produces n times order quantity in each production cycle, in order to reduce setup cost. In addition, the buyer offers backorder price discounts to the customers that may motivate the customers’ desire for backorders, and buyer ordering cost can be reduced through effective investment. An integrated inventory model is established to find the optimal solutions of order quantity, ordering cost, backorder price discount, lead time, and the number of shipments from the vendor to the buyer in one production run, so that the joint expected annual total cost incurred has the minimum value. Furthermore, numerical examples are used to demonstrate the benefits of the model.     

Pb_n微团簇(n=20～30)及铅晶体表面过程的计算机模拟

基于Murrell等提出的有效正体加三体展开势能函数对铅微团簇Pbn (n =2～ 3 0 )的结构及面心立方晶体铅的表面行为进行了计算机模拟。发现Pbn 微团簇的结构衍生规律为 :依次增加一个三配位的表面原子 ,分子表面为三元环所覆盖 ,整个分子为畸变的四面体的密堆积 ;f (c)铅晶体的表面层原子间内压缩最为严重 (最大达 8% ) ,从第三层开始层间距的伸缩率已经很小 ( <1 % )。     

Pbn微团簇(n=20～30)及铅晶体表面过程的计算机模拟

基于Ｍｕｒｒｅｌｌ等提出的有效正体加三体展开势能函数取铅微团簇ｐｂｎ（ｎ＝２～３０）的结构及面心立体表面心立方晶体铅的表面进行也计算机模拟。发现ｐｂｎ微团簇的结构衍生规律为：依次增加一个配位的表面原子,分子表面原子,分子表面为三元环所覆盖,整个分子为畸变的四面体的密堆积：ｆ（ｃ）铅晶体的表面层原子间内压缩最为严重（最大达８％）,从第三层开始层间距的伸缩率已经很小（〈１％）。     

P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer acoustic emission sensors

Acoustic emission (AE) sensors have been fabricated using polarized polyvinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)) piezoelectric copolymer films. The acoustic and electromechanical properties of the copolymers have been determined using the ultrasonic immersion technique and the resonance technique, respectively. The P(VDF-TrFE) AE sensors have been calibrated according to the ASTM standard and evaluated for potential application in the detection of AE in glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (GFPP). A ceramic AE sensor also has been fabricated using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) 7A piezoelectric ceramic and its sensitivity and performance are reported as well. The copolymer sensors do not show resonance peaks of the ceramic sensor and have adequate sensitivity. They can reproduce AE signals accurately without giving artifacts and have potential use in commercial AE systems.     

Characterization and microstructure of highly preferred oriented lead barium titanate thin films on MgO (100) by sol-gel process

Highly preferred oriented lead barium titanate (Pb_1−x,Ba_x)TiO₃ thin film, with particular emphasis on (Pb_0.5,Ba_0.5)TiO₃, can be obtained by spin-coating on MgO (100) substrate by using the precursor sol, which was synthesized from acetylacetone chelating with titanium isopropoxide and ethylene glycol as a solvent, in the sol-gel process. Film thickness, pyrolysis temperature and heating rate were studied systemically to investigate their influences on the formation of preferred oriented thin films. The highly preferred (001)/(100) oriented thin film could be obtained by the pyrolysis of wet film at 500 °C and annealing at 600 °C at a slow heating rate of 5 °C/min. It is confirmed that the tetragonal perovskite structure of the titanate ceramic decreases with an increase of Ba content in (Pb_1−x,Ba_x)TiO₃. The (001)/(100) oriented films were synthesized from all compositions between x = 0.2 and x = 0.8, at a crystallization temperature of 600 °C. In particular, for the Ba content in the range of x = 0.50.6, highly preferred (001)/(100) planes were observed.