Experimental investigations of the effect of new passive safety systems on the temperature state of fuel elements

Results of experiments conducted on a large-scale integral PSB-VVéR bench and directed toward investigation of the performance of new passive safety systems for nuclear plants with a water-cooled power reactor, an additional system for passive flooding of the active zone, and a system for the passive removal of heat from steam generators are presented. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 9, September 2007, pp. 7–10.     

Design for a high power-density Astron reactor

A liquid lithium blanket surrounding the plasma volume is described. The liquid lithium flows along magnetic flux tubes at a high speed. There is no vacuum wall between the blanket and the plasma. The E-layer of relativistic particles within which the plasma is confined serves as a vacuum wall protecting the plasma from the lithium vapor, which is continuously produced at the surface of the blanket, by ionizing the lithium atoms and ejecting the same along open magnetic lines. The heat load at the surface of the blanket generated by 14 MeV neutrons can be several hundred MW per square meter.Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.Deceased September 24, 1972.     

修正步冷温度曲线试验研究

按修正步冷温度曲线对经步冷脆化的 2 .2 5Cr 1Mo和在加氢反应器内运行 5a的 2 2 5Cr 1Mo试块进行了修正步冷试验 ,评定了材料的回火脆性。结果表明 ,按修正步冷曲线进行修正步冷试验能使已经脆化的材料进一步脆化 ,为加氢反应器材料损伤的研究提供了一条途径。     

采用轴径向技术有效解决固定床反应器阻力降的快速升高

讨论了固定床反应器阻力降快速升高的原因，介绍了用轴径向技术解决这一问题的原理及优点，及其在铁铬系变换催化剂和钴钼系耐硫变换催化剂反应器中的实际应用。     

西安脉冲堆计算值和实测结果分析

介绍了西安脉冲堆堆芯布置、计算模型和程序以及计算值与实验测量结果分析。西安脉冲堆在满功率（2MW）下连续运行了72小时，证明西安脉冲堆整个系统和设备是良好的、安全可靠的。根据西安脉冲堆计算值与测量值的比较，证明计算程序可靠，具有较高精度。西安脉冲堆理论计算值与实验测量值符合较好，完全满足工程设计要求，实验测量结果达到了设计指标的要求。     

Design and characterisation of a close-concentric annular reactor for kinetic studies at high temperatures

A novel annular reactor for kinetic studies at high temperature and flow conditions has been designed to keep eccentricity tolerances below 10%. In a previous work, we have shown that it is very important to keep such low eccentricity values in order to collect reliable kinetic data from this type of reactors. As proposed in this study, a modified reactor with the use of a spacer could guarantee an annular duct with low levels of eccentricity. Manufacturing tolerances or deformation effects giving rise to eccentricity can be significantly minimised when using this apparatus. The reactor has been both experimentally and theoretically characterised. Carbon monoxide oxidation was used as a model reaction under mass-transfer limited conditions revealing an eccentricity of ∼5%. With such small eccentricity levels, a concentric annular form can be assumed in the reactor analysis. Simple 1D or 2D models can therefore be inexpensively used in the evaluation of the kinetic data. Also, prior to the design of the annular reactor, a numerical investigation was carried out to clarify the effects of eccentricity, physical properties of the carrier gas and the annular aspect ratio on mass-transfer limitations. Contrary to expectations, a considerable increase in the fuel mass-diffusivity by carrier gas substitution did not change the mass-transfer rates for cases when eccentricity and aspect ratios were high.     

KINETICS OF HYDRODESULFURIZATION OF HEAVY GAS OIL DERIVED FROM OIL-SANDS BITUMEN

With gradual shortage in the supply of crude oil, the importance of producing synthetic crude oil from oil sands and shale oil is increasing day by day. In the present paper, the effects of various process variables such as temperature, liquid hourly space velocity and hydrogen/heavy gas oil volumetric ratio on the removal of sulfur compounds from oil sands derived heavy gas oil has been studied. The experiments have been carried out in a micro scale trickle bed reactor over a commercial Ni-Mo catalyst. The temperature, liquid hourly space velocity and hydrogen/heavy gas oil volumetric ratio have been varied from 365 to 415°C, 0.5 to 1.9 h^-1 and 400 to 1000 ml, respectively. Under optimum reaction conditions over 96% conversion of sulfur compounds was achieved. The kinetics of the rate of sulfur removal from the oil sands derived heavy gas oil has also been discussed in this article.     

FCC提升管反应器新型预提升结构开发

从气固流动规律、结构形式、预提升气分配等角度对工业提升管预提升段进行了试验研究,开发出油剂接触较为均匀,可有效减少反应器结焦的新型预提升结构,工业应用效果良好,反应结焦减少,装置剂油比增大,操作弹性提高,经济效益显著.     

新型可控电抗器大幅度限制操作过电压功能的研究

通过数值计算和模拟研究,本文叙述了新型可控电抗器的广泛的无功调节功能,揭示了它所具有的大幅度限压的能力,并在理想数学模型的基础上分析了电抗器的限压机理。     

氨氮与亚硝酸盐比对推流式ANAMMOX反应器影响研究

进水基质中NH3-N与NO2--N比例是影响推流式ANAMMOX反应器性能的重要参数。该比例与NH3-N、NO2--N、TN的去除率以及NH3-N与NO2--N的反应比例等参数呈良好的相关性。在同一进水TN负荷条件下,存在一个最佳的进水比例,使TN去除率达到最大。NH3-N和NO2--N的反应比例随着进水基质比例的变化而变化。在反应器中发生的ANAMMOX反应可能有多种含氮的产物形式(不仅是N2一种)。进水基质比例的变化可能会导致ANAMMOX反应复杂化,多种反应途径同时并存。