花瓣稳燃器回流区的特性分析

通过数值模拟的方法,详细研究了花瓣稳燃器的回流区特性,给出了花瓣稳燃器回流区的三维立体形状图和回流区长度、宽度、回流量、最大回流速度等特性参数,并对衡量煤粉颗粒与高温回流烟气间掺混速度和掺混强度的掺混系数进行了分析;与普通扩流锥稳燃器的回流区进行了比较.结果表明：花瓣稳燃器的特殊设计能够形成多种回流区,对于旋流燃烧器燃烧低挥发分煤和低负荷运行具有良好的稳燃性能.图6表1参4     

Effect of manifold injection of hydrogen gas in producer gas and neem biodiesel fueled CRDI dual fuel engine

The high flammability of hydrogen gas gives it a steady flow without throttling in engines while operating. Such engines also include different induction/injection methods. Hydrogen fuels are encouraging fuel for applications of diesel engines in dual fuel mode operation. Engines operating with dual fuel can replace pilot injection of liquid fuel with gaseous fuels, significantly being eco-friendly. Lower particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions are the significant advantages of operating with dual fuel.Consequently, fuels used in the present work are renewable and can generate power for different applications. Hydrogen being gaseous fuel acts as an alternative and shows fascinating use along with diesel to operate the engines with lower emissions. Such engines can also be operated either by injection or induction on compression of gaseous fuels for combustion by initiating with the pilot amount of biodiesel. Present work highlights the experimental investigation conducted on dual fuel mode operation of diesel engine using Neem Oil Methyl Ester (NeOME) and producer gas with enriched hydrogen gas combination. Experiments were performed at four different manifold hydrogen gas injection timings of TDC, 5°aTDC, 10°aTDC and 15°aTDC and three injection durations of 30°CA, 60°CA, and 90°CA. Compared to baseline operation, improvement in engine performance was evaluated in combustion and its emission characteristics. Current experimental investigations revealed that the 10°aTDC hydrogen manifold injection with 60°CA injection duration showed better performance. The BTE of diesel + PG and NeOME + PG operation was found to be 28% and 23%, respectively, and the emissions level were reduced to 25.4%, 14.6%, 54.6%, and 26.8% for CO, HC, smoke, and NO_x, respectively.     

Application of nanofiltration for chromium concentration in the tannery wastewater

The article presents results of investigation concerning an influence of tannery wastewater composition on chromium(III) concentration in the wastewaters during the nanofiltration process (NF). The effectiveness of this process strongly depends on mutual relation between chloride and sulfate ions concentration in tannery wastewater. For this reason, the optimum composition of the tannery wastewater should consist chloride/sulfate ions ratio close to 1. Moreover, an influence of transmembrane pressure (TMP) and the "ageing" of chromium tannery wastewater on the efficiency of the process has been investigated. Optimal range of TMP equal to 14-16 bar has been assumed for the process. It is necessary to point out that the optimum transmembrane pressure can be changed in the case of the membranes with different permeation properties. "Ageing" of the tannery wastewater reduces only a little an efficiency of the process. Experimental results demonstrated that the NF process could be successfully used for the concentration of chromium in the tannery wastewater with high permeate flux, selectivity and performance stability.     

双通道旋流式燃烧器出口冷态流场的数值模拟

针对带入口旋流器的双通道旋流式燃烧器，提出了一种数值分析模型和处理方法，并对该燃烧器出口冷态流场进行了数值模拟，通过模拟结果与试验数据的对比分析，表明本文建立的模型及处理方法是令人满意的，其为进一步对该型双通道旋流式燃烧器出口冷热态流场进行数值试验研究及性能预测分析奠定了基础。图9参7     

采用含氧燃料和EGR同时降低直喷式柴油机碳烟和NOx排放的试验研究

在一台TY1100轻型直喷式柴油机上，研究了碳酸二甲酯（DMC）作为含氧燃料添加剂对柴油机烟度和性能的影响。结果表明，在发动机燃油和燃烧系统不作变动的条件下，随着DMC在柴油中添加比例的增加，排气烟度逐步下降，热效率提高。当添加比例在10％-15％时，烟度降低40％-50％，热效率增加了6.9％，发动机功率基本不变。添加碳酸二甲酯并采用EGR可以同时降低碳烟和NOx。研究表明，柴油中添加15％DMC，在12％左右的EGR下，与原机比较，烟度降低了35％，NOx排放降低了33％。混合燃料的放热规律与纯柴油相比差异不大，但预混燃烧量增加，扩散燃烧速率快，发动机最高燃烧压力、温度和压力升高率偏高。     

花瓣燃烧器流场特性分析与研究

采用三维贴体坐标结构化网格,对复杂曲面形状的新型旋流燃烧器(花瓣燃烧器)进行了三维的流场数值实验.模拟了旋流的衰减过程,分析了花瓣燃烧器的流场特点;首次给出了旋流燃烧器回流区的立体形状图,直观地反映了回流区的特性;分析了普通旋流燃烧器和花瓣燃烧器的流场参数,并对掺混系数进行了对比;通过花瓣燃烧器流场特性的研究得出,花瓣燃烧器的回流区是由径向回流区和中心回流区融合构成,端部呈花瓣状,所形成的特殊流场能够使煤粉颗粒从燃烧器喷入炉内后,不是首先向外扩散,而是迅速地进入回流区,与高温烟气迅速混合,形成稳定热源,为煤粉着火燃烧提供了前提条件,具有良好的稳燃性能.     

基于CFD软件的直接空冷系统热风回流现象的分析

热风回流现象是直接空冷机组的一个普遍性问题。利用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件,采用计算机模拟方法,定性地分析了热风回流发生的原因及其对空冷机组的影响,其分析结果对直接空冷机组的设计和运行有一定的指导意义。     

在稳定性指标制约下汽油机应用稀燃和EGR的局限性

本文应用微机检测发动机稳定性指标,在一台采用涡流室火花塞组成快速燃烧系统的汽油机中,对影响燃油消耗率、NO_x排放和稳定性指标的主要参数如空燃比、点火提前角和废气再循环率进行了试验研究。结果进一步表明:在稳定性指标制约条件下,稀燃能节油,但不能降低NO_x排放;EGR能降低NO_x排放,但不能节油。     

Air management modeling of condensing units in a confined space and its impact on the chiller system performance

The small air cooled chillers that serve an apartment building or residential villa often have the outdoor condensing units installed within a confined space. The installation distance between chiller and wall or between two chillers has significant impact on the chiller performance. In this study, three CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) approaches to condensing unit air management modeling are proposed and compared with each other first. The predicted air flow rates are compared to the test data as well. The comparison shows that the CFD approach with fan boundary definition is the most cost-effective, easy to be implemented, and accurate. Together with the chiller system modeling, a parametric study is further conducted to investigate the effect of the wall-chiller distance and the chiller-chiller distance on the chiller performance.     

强制循环蒸发器内流体停留时间分布测试分析

分析强制循环蒸发器内流体停留时间分布测试中示踪剂循环对响应曲线的影响，建立了循环条件下所测定的循环响应曲线Ｃｒ（ｔ）与蒸发器和循环管内流体停留时间密度函数Ｅ１（ｔ）、Ｅ２（ｔ）之间的基本关系，并以此处理循环条件下直接引入示踪剂的实验测试数据，获得了满意的停留时间分布曲线。