基于Aspen Plus粗甘油混合物的分离工艺模拟

采用化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus,以NRTL热力学模型对粗甘油混合物的分离过程进行了模拟。流程采用闪蒸分子蒸馏相结合的技术,考察了压强和温度对分离效果的影响。模拟优化的结果为:闪蒸的真空度为6.7 kPa,除去10%的水,其中携带甘油的含量为0.5%;分子蒸馏的真空度为420 Pa,温度为160℃,蒸出的甘油蒸汽的量为717.44 kg/h,其中甘油的质量分数为95%(W),一级产品总量为626.22 kg/h,甘油纯度为99.8%(W),二级产品总量为57.96 kg/h,甘油纯度为95.8%(W)。甘油总收率达到94.6%(W)。     

化工软件在化工课程设计中的应用

化工课程设计是化工及相关专业非常重要的一个教学环节,具有综合性、实践性和工程性。本文介绍了ChemDraw、Aspen Plus和ChemCAD等化工软件在化工课程设计中的应用。结果表明,化工软件增强了学生学习兴趣,提高了课程设计的质量,强化了学生的计算机的应用能力,为学生走向未来的工作岗位打下了扎实的基础。     

基于Aspen Plus的稀氨水吹脱工艺流程模拟

为了降低合成氨工艺中稀氨水的排放浓度,使用Aspen Plus 软件对氨水吹脱过程进行模拟计算,在满足塔底氨含量小于0．5％的要求下,得出吹脱塔适宜的操作参数：进料空气流量为500 kg/h,进料氨水温度为60℃,理论塔板为6块,选用50 mm钢制矩鞍环填料,塔径为1．4 m。     

杨木无催化甘油法制浆工艺及其性能的研究

研究了杨木无催化甘油法制浆的主要因素对成浆状况的影响规律,同时对无催化甘油法制浆的打浆性能和成纸性能进行了初步评价,比较了无催化甘油法制浆和盘磨机械浆（RMP）性能的主要差异。结果表明：杨木无催化甘油法制浆的最佳工艺条件为反应温度210℃、反应时间60min和反应液比1：8,在此条件下浆料的粗浆得率为75．9％,细浆得率为71．4％：该方法制得浆料初始打浆度为11°SR,对应的纸张裂断长1．34km,抗张指数13．10N·m／g,耐破指数1．28kpa·m2／g,松厚度2．15cm3／g以及白度12．46％ISO;杨木无催化甘油法制得浆料比杨木RMP更易打浆,成纸的裂断长和抗张强度远高于杨木RMP,但其松厚度略低于杨木RMP。通过实验得出杨木无催化甘油法制浆具有工艺简单、得率高、易打浆及强度高等优点。     

大型煤化工装置制冷流程设置与过程模拟

冷冻工艺流程的设置对于全厂能耗和投资影响很大。以3个不同类型的具体项目为例,总结了大型煤化工装置中制冷流程的设置特点,同时采用Aspen Plus对不同的工艺流程进行了模拟。结果表明,冷冻流程设置的分析及模拟方法对于项目设计方案比选、能耗及投资估算等都具有重要的指导意义。     

硫磺制酸转化工序Aspen Plus流程模拟

流程模拟程序可预测工艺参数的变更对装置性能的影响,从而实现工艺的优化,故广泛地应用于硫酸装置设计和工艺研究中。阐述了Aspen Plus流程模拟程序在硫磺制酸转化工序和余热回收系统中的应用案例,详细介绍了流程模型的建立步骤和方法,设计优化模拟方案及结果分析,认为模拟结果与生产实际数据基本吻合,该方法是合理有效的。     

Lipophilic Extractives in Populus × euramericana “Guariento” Stemwood and Bark

Abstract

The lipophilic extractives in stemwood and bark from three different heights of Populus × euramericana “Guariento” were analyzed. The bark samples, especially from 4 and 8 meters height, contained much more extractives than the stemwood samples. The lipophilic extractives identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) were composed of five component groups (i.e. triglycerides, steryl esters, free fatty acids, sterols, and free fatty alcohols both in the stemwood and bark). Besides ferulic acid esters, α-amyrin and its esters, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid esters of fatty alcohols were also identified in the stemwood and bark. Small amounts of alkanes and oligomeric or polymeric material with higher molar mass than triglycerides were present only in the bark. Glycerides, mainly triglycerides, were the largest component group of the lipophilic extractives. The high proportion of short-chain fatty acids released after alkaline hydrolysis are beneficial when removing pitch particles or fatty acid soaps by dispersing and washing during pulping and papermaking.     

Application of a Model to Simulate the Wetting and Drying Processes of Woody Biomass in the Field

The variation of moisture content in the biomass materials would affect the quality during the utilization of these materials as solid biofuel. The ability to predict the time-dependent moisture contents of the biomass via modeling can help to devise a better way to store and manage these biomass materials. In this study, pieces of aspen stems were subject to cycles of wetting and drying in lab-scale tests. A lumped mathematical model for simulating the moisture changes during storage was developed and calibrated using the experimental data. With the available weather data (air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, and precipitation) as inputs, the model was then applied to estimate the moisture content of aspen (Populus tremuloides) during one year of storage in the field. Results showed that, for both uncovered bales and covered bales, the predicted moisture contents and the profiles were in good agreement with the measured in-field results. This lumped model may be used as a first approximation, and applied to estimate the moisture content of aspen or similar woody biomass materials during relatively long-term field storage.     

煤制天然气过程模拟与?分析

煤制天然气过程具有设备流程简单、技术成熟可靠、单位热值投资成本低等优点。本文运用Aspen Plus软件建立煤制天然气流程的过程模型,并采用?分析法对系统主要单元进行计算分析,得出系统的?分布状况及各单元的?损失量。结果表明,低温甲醇洗单元的?效率最高,为98.22%,煤气化单元的?效率最低,为58.99%。同时,系统的?损失也主要发生在煤气化单元,占系统总?损失的72.69%。煤气化单元中主要的?损失是由于传热不可逆和化学反应的不可逆性引起的内部?损失,通过优化气化温度、汽氧摩尔比等方式改善气化炉的气化条件是提高气化?效率、降低系统?损失的关键。     

PVA醇解尾气吸收的模拟分析及优化

在利用Aspen Plus软件对PVA醇解尾气吸收进行模拟研究时,计算出吸收剂用量和吸收塔填料层高度。现将在此基础上,利用灵敏度分析等方法对PVA醇解尾气吸收的模拟结果进行分析,将增加一台换热器使工艺流程优化,能让T1R塔顶出口甲醇含量下降,T2R的吸收负荷减轻,吸收剂水的用量下降到33 kmol/h。