减压膜蒸馏法分离偶氮染料废水的研究

采用减压膜蒸馏过程,实验研究了0.22μm的疏水性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微孔膜处理偶氮染料废水的可行性.实验研究了进料温度、进料浓度、进料流速、冷侧压力对膜通量及截留率的影响.实验结果表明,在所研究的工艺条件范围内,进料温度、进料流速的提高和进料浓度、冷侧压力的降低有利于膜通量增大;进料温度的提高和进料浓度、进料流速、冷侧压力的降低使截留率增大.降低膜面的水蒸气汽化的表观活化能是提高膜通量的重要措施.     

PVDF/PTFE双层复合驻极体膜的制备及压电性

基于利用PTFE优异的电荷储存性能，诱导和稳定PVDFβ相的形成以提高复合材料的压电性的思想，采用旋涂工艺和电晕放电方法制备了PVDF/PTFE复合驻极体压电膜，借助压电系数和表面电位测量相结合的方法，研究了制备工艺对复合膜驻极体性能的影响，并结合XRD衍射分析，研究了结晶形态与压电性的关系．结果表明复合膜d33压电系数最高达75pC/N，明显优于PVDF单层膜，其原因与复合膜电荷存储能力的提高及复合膜PVDF微晶中β相含量的增加有关．     

Influence of Surface Modification on Tribo-Performance of Hybrid Glass/PTFE Fabric Composite with Phenolic Resin Binder

The fabric/phenolic composites with the pure and silanized hybrid glass/PTFE fabric were prepared by dip-coating of the hybrid glass/PTFE fabrics in a phenolic resin. The friction and wear performances of the resulting fabric composites were evaluated using pin-on-disc wear tester. The composition change of the glass fabric in hybrid glass/PTFE fabric after silanization was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. The morphologies of the composite structures and the worn surfaces of the composites were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the fabric/phenolic composite with the β-aminoethyltrimethoxylsilane silanized hybrid glass/PTFE fabric can obtain the highest load-carrying capacity and the best wear-resistance, followed by the composite with γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane silanized hybrid glass/PTFE fabric. Chemical reactions have achieved as the hybrid glass/PTFE fabric was silanized with β-aminoethyltrimethoxyl silane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane, which contribute to strengthen the bonding strength between the fabric and the adhesive and hence to improve the tribological properties of the hybrid glass/PTFE fabric composites.     

MEMS工艺制备pH-ISFET/REFET功能膜研究

微电子技术的快速发展,促使硅基传感器向着集成化、微型化、可批量加工方向发展.对于pH-ISFET集成芯片而言,如何以MEMS工艺制备性能优良的pH功能膜,是其发展的关键.目的：以适合批量加工的MEMS工艺研制pH功能膜;方法：在小尺寸集成芯片的基础上,以MEMS工艺分别制备Ta2O5材料的pH敏感膜,PTFE材料的pH钝化膜;结果：在pH1～12范围内,Ta2O5膜pH-ISFET对H＋的灵敏度达56mV/pH,PTFE膜REFET对H＋的响应仅为0.13mV/pH;结论：采用MEMS工艺,可对以标准CMOS技术加工的ISFET集成芯片系统,进行后续加工,从而实现传感器芯片系统的全过程批量加工.     

阴阳极室同时氧化对煤气废水处理效果的研究

在棉布隔膜电解槽中,使用Ti/IrO2/RuO2阳极、自制的碳/聚四氟乙烯(C/PTFE)充氧阴极,研究了电化学催化氧化降解煤气废水的效果.结果表明,在阴极室,C/PTFE充氧阴极通过外界曝气提供的O2在阴极还原产生H2O2,采用电子自旋共振法(ESR)阴极室中检测到羟自由基(HO.)的存在.煤气废水中挥发酚和COD去除率均随电解时间的延长而升高、随电流密度的增加而升高,电解质浓度对煤气废水中挥发酚和COD的去除情况没有明显规律性的影响.煤气废水的降解是在阳极的直接、间接氧化及阴极产生的H2O2、HO.和O2-.自由基的氧化共同作用下完成的,阴、阳极室同时电催化氧化降解煤气废水取得了较好的效果.     

飞秒激光对Mg/PTFE药剂烧蚀加工过程安全性分析

文章简要介绍了飞秒激光发展过程及其特点,讨论了利用飞秒激光的超快速时间和超高峰值的特性烧蚀加工烟火药剂Mg/PTFE的可行性与安全性.建立了飞秒激光与Mg/PTFE作用过程中的传热模型,根据模型计算了药剂内部的温度分布以及烧蚀反应放出的热量对周围药剂的影响;在本研究的计算条件下,确定了在切割过程中,受激光作用表面的温度可达3000℃以上,单个激光脉冲的作用深度小于5.0×10-7m,药剂反应放出的热量对周边基本上没有影响,因而飞秒激光能够用于Mg/PTFE药剂的加工.     

铜层厚度和石墨粒度对铜包石墨-PTFE复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

作者采用化学还原法制备了铜包石墨（ＣＣＧ）粉，考察了石墨粒度和铜层厚度对铜包石墨－聚四氟乙稀复 合材料摩擦学性能的影响。摩擦学研究表明：随着填料粒度的增大，ＰＴＦＥ复合材料的摩擦系数逐渐降低，当填料平均 粒度为６６μｍ时，复合材料具有最佳的抗磨性；随着石墨表面铜镀层厚度的增加，ＣＣＧ－ＰＴＦＥ的摩擦系数逐渐升高，当 厚度超过３μｍ后，逐渐趋于稳定，材料的磨损率则随镀层厚度呈线性降低的趋势。研究还发现，铜包石墨改变了石墨 与ＰＴＦＥ的界面结合方式，且铜包石墨颗粒表面铜层在摩擦过程中易被磨掉，内部石墨颗粒暴露在摩擦表面，改善了 ＰＴＦＥ复合材料的摩擦性能；还原铜的硬度适中、颗粒细致，在摩擦过程中易在对偶表面的凹处嵌合，有助于连续、均 匀的转移膜的形成，从而提高了材料的耐磨性能。     

高强涤纶／金属纤维聚四氯乙烯微孔覆膜滤料的研制

聚四氯乙烯微孔薄膜具有很好的透气性，而对极微小粉尘中却有阻隔作用，如果与金属纤维复合制成滤料，则具有抗静电、耐高温、除尘效率高、使用寿命长等特点。三星纺织滤料厂研究了解决膜的韧性和强力不足、门幅不符，膜与基布的粘结度低等问题的重要关键技术，在产品基布选择、热合技术、设备改造配套等方面作出改进，成功研制出符合要求的新型过渡材料。     

Enhancement of Aluminum Reactivity to Achieve High Burn Rate for an End Burning Rocket Motor

Aluminum is used in solid propellants to increase the specific impulse (I _sp). It is desirable to have high propellant loading in any stage as it reduces the structural coefficient and an end burning grain is known to be the one with the highest propellant loading. As aluminum combustion is a slow process, the time available for aluminum combustion in an end burning configuration will be very small at the start of the combustion process. This demands an increase in the reactivity of the aluminum. This study is built on the fact that mechanical activation of aluminum powder with PTFE (poly‐tetra‐flouro‐ethylene) enhances the reactivity of aluminum powder. This study also deals with the use of this activated aluminum powder in conjunction with various other methods to enhance the burn rates of the solid propellant. The temperature sensitivity was also measured. Based on these results, new designs with end burning grains for the third stage of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and for the second and third stage of Pegasus launch vehicle have been proposed to increase the payload capacity. With this new design, it is seen that the payload can be increased by 12.7 % and 17.6 % for PSLV and Pegasus, respectively. The novelty of this design is that with no changes to any other hardware of the above two systems the increase in payload can be achieved.     

Wear study of field worn clutch actuators and evaluation of a model test

Pneumatic clutch actuators, employed in trucks, have been investigated. The surfaces of the inside of the anodised aluminium cylinders, of the lip seals and of the guiding rings have been studied by SEM and optical microscopy. For most of the actuators no significant wear was revealed. However, one actuator, with leakage problems, was severely worn. An extensive amount of scratches was found on the cylinder surface, the thickness of the guiding ring had decreased and large parts were missing from the lip seal. A possible explanation is that particles have entered the system thus altering the contact conditions. A test setup was developed to investigate how particles present in the system affect the wear. A part of the piston, with lip seal and guiding ring, slides against a part of the anodised aluminium cylinder in a back- and forward motion. Pure silicone grease lubricated tests resulted in no wear. Tests with added dust particles resulted in distinct scratches on the aluminium surface and embedded particles in the guiding ring and the lip seal. These tests provide results in good agreement with the wear revealed in the investigations of used actuators and support the theory that wear is caused by particles.