基于形状记忆合金驱动器的微纳定位系统鲁棒自适应控制

针对基于智能材料驱动器串联驱动的微纳定位系统,本文主要探讨了此类高精定位系统的控制设计策略.其控制设计的主要任务是消除驱动器中未知回滞特性对系统性能所造成的负面影响.本文重点以形状记忆合金驱动器为例,采用基于广义play算子的广义Prandtl-Ishlinskii回滞模型来表征形状记忆合金驱动器中的未知饱和回滞非线性,并在此基础上提出了一种鲁棒自适应控制设计方法来消除前置回滞存在的影响.设计的控制器在保证全局稳定性的基础上能实现理想的跟踪精度,仿真结果验证了控制策略的有效性和正确性.     

基于新的阈值化方法的背景减法改进

首先将一种新的基于颜色空间模型的阈值化方法用于背景减法中. 该阈值化方法利用每个像素的颜色畸变和亮度畸变检测出场景中所有的运动, 其中像素的颜色畸变检测考虑了颜色向量所处的空间位置; 同时该阈值化方法在一定程度上抑制了运动阴影的影响. 其次, 将一种双阈值化方法用于背景减法中, 实现了复杂场景下前景目标的提取. 通过VSSN 05和PETS 2006测试视频的实验, 验证了本文提出算法的有效性.     

一种频率依赖性迟滞的神经网络内模控制

针对压电陶瓷等智能材料存在的依赖输入频率的迟滞非线性问题,采用BP神经网络对迟滞非线性进行辨识,并通过内模控制方案来对其进行控制.在迟滞的建模上,构建了一种静态迟滞非线性环节串联一个对输入频率敏感的线性动态环节组成的Hammerstein模型.在此基础上,得出Hammerstein模型的逆模型,并通过构造的正、逆模型进行内模控制.实验结果说明,提出的建模方法与内模控制方案是有效的.     

输出受限迟滞非线性系统的反步控制器设计

针对一类含有Bouc-Wen迟滞的输出受限非线性系统设计了反步控制器.首先分析了Bouc-Wen模型的特性并得到其上界值,然后设计了对称型障碍Lyapunov函数(barrier Lyapunov function,BLF),保证了BLF有界,从而满足了输出受限的条件,最后利用反步法设计控制器.该方法消除了迟滞引起的振荡和超调并且使得系统输出约束在设定的范围内,同时解决了迟滞和系统输出受限两个方面的影响,提高了控制精度.仿真和实验结果表明了控制方法的可行性.     

手动变速箱rattle噪声的仿真和试验

针对手动变速箱的振动和噪声直接影响整车NVH性能的问题,简述手动变速箱rattle噪声的产生机理,将非承载齿轮敲击过程理解为由离合器、承载齿轮、差速器和车身等组成的扭振系统和非承载齿轮副敲击系统相互作用的结果.用AMESim建立传动系统敲击模型并通过试验验证模型的准确性,重点分析离合器参数(刚度和迟滞阻尼)以及齿轮齿隙对齿轮敲击力的影响.结果表明,利用这些参数对变速箱rattle噪声加以控制可达到预期的效果.     

光纤氧气传感器的传感膜制备及弱荧光检测

研制了一种基于荧光猝灭原理的光纤氧气传感器。制备了醋酸纤维素传感膜并研究了其性能,结果表明,该传感膜均匀、稳定、响应快。采用锁相放大技术,实现了对弱荧光信号的检测。该传感器具有较高的检测精度、较好的重复性和稳定性。     

Low-temperature magnetic and electromagnetic studies of Y-Ba-Cu-O: Agx Ceramic superconductor

Magnetization and magnetic relaxation measurements have been studied at 4.2 K on YBa₂Cu₃O_7–:Ag _x (x=0 to 1.2) superconducting samples prepared by a coprecipritation technique. Remanent magnetization and hysteresis loops were found to be increased on Ag addition. Transport current density (J _c) was enhanced with the addition of Ag concentration. Flux creep rate was also increased with increase in Ag addition resulting in stronger pinning potential. Microwave-induced d.c. voltage measurements show a reduction of weak links with increase in Ag concentration. The enhancement of transportT _c is attributed to the stronger Josephson current paths due to the reduction of the total number of weak links after Ag addition.     

EPISODIC SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND ELEVATED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIONS IN A SMALL,MOUNTAINOUS RIVER IN COASTAL CALIFORNIA

Suspended sediment and organic contaminants were measured during a period of 2 years in the San Lorenzo River, central California, which discharges into the Pacific Ocean within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, in an effort to quantify the potential environmental effects of storm events from a steep, mountainous coastal urban watershed. Most suspended sediment transport occurred during flooding caused by winter storms; 56% of the total sediment load for the 2‐year study was transported by the river during one storm event in January 2010. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can exceed regulatory criteria during high‐flow events in the San Lorenzo River, and total annual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon load was on the order of 10 kg in water year 2010. These results highlight the importance of episodic sediment and contaminant transport in steep, mountainous coastal watersheds and emphasize the importance of understanding physical processes and quantifying chemical constituents in discharge from coastal watersheds on event‐scale terms. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.     

带BRB的高层钢框架梁柱节点的抗震性能

应用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS对带有BRB和带有普通支撑这2种高层钢框架梁柱节点进行了数值模拟,分析比较了2种支撑对框架梁柱节点的抗震影响,针对带有BRB的梁柱节点,对其进行支撑内芯的屈服强度,节点板的大小、厚度以及节点板上面外加劲肋长度的参数分析。结果表明:BRB在外包钢管和混凝土的约束下具有很好的耗能性能,并且随着支撑内芯屈服强度的降低,节点板尺寸和厚度的增大以及面外加劲肋长度的增加,梁柱节点的滞回曲线更加饱满,拥有更好的抗震性能。     

均匀湿颗粒材料边界滞回持水曲线的物理模型

非饱和土持水特性的滞回机理是土力学界的热点问题之一。将非饱和土看作“湿颗粒材料”并以“土-颗粒-系统”为视角更易认识其持水特性的滞回机理。以均匀湿颗粒材料为研究对象,用轴对称圆锥形孔隙内水分的充填和排出过程来模拟边界增、减湿过程,提出一种物理模型以描述其滞回特性的物理内涵,并利用已有文献中3种砂土和2种含黏砂土的持水试验结果验证了该模型在表征均匀湿颗粒材料边界滞回持水曲线时的有效性。该模型的优点在于不仅对同种均匀湿颗粒材料滞回的边界减、增湿持水曲线可采用同一组具有物理意义的参数模拟,而且可反映孔隙水内封闭气泡对持水曲线的影响。