防火涂料的防火性能及其测量

本文依据有关国家标准对饰面型防火涂料和钢结构防火涂料的防火性能及其检测方法作了简要介绍。     

卤化石蜡系列阻燃剂研究进展

综述了卤化石蜡系列阻燃剂的品种、性能和用途。并讨论了溴化石蜡的几种溴化反应方法,即烯烃法、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺法和氧化汞催化法,指出溴素法生产溴化及溴氯化石蜡是卤化石蜡合成工艺的突破。最后对卤化石蜡的生产方法进行了简要介绍。     

Thermal degradation behaviors of polypropylene with novel silicon‐containing intumescent flame retardant

The N‐[3‐(dimethoxy‐methyl‐silanyl)‐propyl]‐N′‐ (9‐methyl‐3,9‐dioxo‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxa‐3,9‐diphospha‐spiro[5.5]undec‐3‐yl)‐ethane‐1,2‐diamine/dimethoxy dimethyl silane copolymer (PSiN II), which simultaneously contains silicon, phosphorus, and nitrogen, is synthesized and incorporated into polypropylene (PP). The flame retardancy is evaluated by the limiting oxygen index value, which is enhanced to 29.5 from 17.4 with 20% total loading of PSiN II. The thermal degradation behavior of PP/PSiN II is investigated by thermogravimetric analysis under N₂ and air. The PP/PSiN II sample degrades at 400°C for different amounts of time, and the process of degradation is studied by Fourier transform IR. The morphology of the char formed at 400°C for 10 min is investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The swollen inner structure, close, and smooth outer surface provide a much better barrier for the transfer of heat and mass during fire and good flame retardancy. The thermal stability of PP is improved by incorporation of PSiN II. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 2487–2492, 2005     

阻燃硅橡胶的研制

通过测定硅橡胶试片的离火熄灭时间及燃烧速率来判定热硫化硅橡胶的阻燃性。结果表明，氢氧化铝对热硫化硅橡胶具有良好的阻燃效果；随着氢氧化铝用量的增加，硅橡胶的物理机械性能下降。通过对氢氧化铝进行表面处理，并与氯铂酸等阻燃剂配合，可制得符合美国UL-94V-0阻燃标准的硅橡胶制品。在本实验条件下的最佳配比为：100份混炼硅橡胶，45份氢氧化铝，50份氯铂酸(以铂质量计／10^-6)，2份乙炔炭黑及铁锡复合氧化物，制品拉伸强度大于5MPa。     

聚酰胺66的复配阻燃研究

采用35％磷-溴-锑复配阻燃体系对聚酰胺66进行阻燃，极限氧指数可提高到33．6％，达到UL94-V0级(1．6mm)，且无熔融滴落。阻燃体系的添加会导致聚酰胺66力学性能的下降，但与无机阻燃体系相比较，磷-溴-锑复配阻燃体系对聚酰胺66的力学性能影响较小。采用扫描电镜观察阻燃剂在聚酰胺66中的分散效果，发现分散均匀的体系，在水中或者在110℃的析出实验条件下，阻燃剂的析出量很小，可以维持较长时间的阻燃效果。     

钢结构防火涂料的研究和应用

作者结合工作实践,综述了国内外钢结构防火涂料的研究及应用情况,展望了钢结构防火涂料的发展前景。     

苯乙烯系阻燃塑料合金的研究进展

综述了国内外近年来在苯乙烯系阻燃塑料合金方面的研究进展。主要介绍了高聚物型卤系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、有机硅系阻燃剂等阻燃剂的特性及其在提高苯乙烯系塑料合金阻燃性能方面的应用，这些阻燃剂对环境友好，不仅能显著提高塑料基材的阻燃性能，而且力学性能和加工性能也得到改善。此外，还简要介绍了纳米复合技术在提高苯乙烯系塑料阻燃性能中的应用。     

磷酸乙基新戊二醇酯的合成以及阻燃性能测试

以新戊二醇、三氯氧磷、乙醇为原料合成一种阻燃剂磷酸乙基新戊二醇酯（化合物Ⅱ），采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振波谱(1HNMR、13CNMR及31PNMR)、液相色谱-质谱(ESI-MS)表征其化学结构。考察了物质的量比〔n(新戊二醇磷酰氯):n(乙醇)〕、反应温度和反应时间等因素对反应的影响，得到最佳反应条件为：n(新戊二醇磷酰氯) : n(乙醇)= 1.0 : 5.0，反应温度为50℃，反应时间为8 h，产率达80.8%。将合成的阻燃剂磷酸乙基新戊二醇酯添加到硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)中，通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)实验测定RPUF的阻燃性能，以及利用热重分析(TGA)表征阻燃剂和RPUF的热稳定性。结果表明，磷酸乙基新戊二醇酯的添加，在一定程度上降低了RPUF的热稳定性，但是RPUF的阻燃性能有所提高。添加量为30%(质量分数，以材料总质量计)时可使RPUF的LOI值从17.1提高到22.5%，通过垂直燃烧V-2级，以及在800℃时，残余残炭量由15.8%增加到18.9%。     

高分子复合材料用膨胀型阻燃涂层

论述高分子复合材料用膨胀型阻燃涂层的作用机理 ,应用效果及今后需进一步研究的问题     

Synthesis,characterization, and thermal properties of phosphorus‐containing,wholly aromatic thermotropic copolyesters

A series of phosphorus‐containing, wholly aromatic thermotropic copolyesters from acetylated 2‐(6‐oxide‐6H‐dibenz〈c,e〉〈1,2〉oxa phosphorin‐6‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydroxy phenylene, p‐acetoxybenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid were prepared by melting polycondensation. The structure and basic properties of the polymers, such as the glass‐transition temperature (T_g), melting temperature (T_m), thermal stability, crystallinity, and liquid crystallinity, were investigated with Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and hot‐stage polarizing optical microscopy. The copolyesters had relatively high T_g values ranging from 183 to 192°C. The T_m values obtained from DSC curves for samples P‐20 and P‐25 were 290 and 287°C, respectively (where the number in the sample name indicates the molar fraction of the phosphorus‐containing monomer in the reactants). The initial flow temperatures of other samples observed with hot‐stage polarizing microscopy were 271–290°C. The 5% degradation temperatures in nitrogen ranged from 431 to 462°C, and the char yields at 640°C were 41–52%. All the copolyesters, except P‐40, were thermotropic and nematic. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1278–1284, 2002