负离子涤纶长丝高速纺丝工艺探讨

本文简要介绍了负离子纤维的发展背景，详细阐述了负离子涤纶POY的纺丝工艺。     

金属离子影响过氧乙酸分解速度的探讨及对策

本文考察了部分金属离子对过氧乙酸分解速度的影响.结果发现一些金属离子(Cr3 、AL3 、Ni2 、Co2 )引起过氧乙酸快速分解,一些金属离子(Hg2 、Cu26、Zn2 、Pb26、Ag )引起过氧乙酸缓慢分解,还有一些金属离子(Mg2 、K )对过氧乙酸起稳定作用.本文探讨了金属离子对过氧乙酸分解的机理.有针对性地选择一些配位剂(8-羟基喹啉、邻二氮菲、酒石酸盐、草酸钠)作为过氧乙酸稳定剂,这些配位剂与金属离子形成稳定的配合物,从而把金属离子有效地隐蔽起来,增加过氧乙酸的稳定性.     

聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水树脂对硬水的软化性能

针对水中含有过多二价阳离子如钙离子等而使水质硬度较高的问题,使用丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺单体为主要原料,采用水溶液聚合法合成了具有三维网络结构和较高吸附能力的丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水树脂,然后用其做为硬水软化剂,对人工配置的浓度为3mmol/L的人工硬水进行吸附处理,研究了丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水树脂对人工硬水中所含钙离子的吸附能力.实验结果表明:所合成的丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水树脂对钙离子的最大吸附量为108mg/g,随着树脂用量的逐渐增加,树脂对钙离子的吸附率不断增大,最大吸附率可达76.2%以上.该方法原料来源广泛,生产过程中不产生污染,可给硬水软化提供一个新的技术参考思路.     

腐植酸类物质抗絮凝性能的研究

就不同地区的腐植酸类物质对部分金属离子的絮凝作用进行实验研究,利用红外光谱初步分析了腐植酸类物质的结构和络合性质.结果表明腐植酸类物质对金属离子具有较强的络合能力,达到每克腐植酸络合几百毫克金属离子;不同地区的腐植酸物质对金属离子的络合能力存在着差异,云南峨山腐植酸钠盐的络合能力很强;黄腐酸与金属离子的发生络合吸附反应的活性部位主要是羧基和酚羟基.研究腐植酸类物质对金属离子的抗絮凝能力为腐植酸物质在农业和医药等领域的应用过程中如何避免难溶物或沉淀物的生成具有重要的理论意义和应用价值.     

Tb3+掺杂ZnO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃长余辉发光机理

采用高温熔融法制备了Tb³⁺掺杂ZnO-B₂O₃-SiO₂玻璃，通过荧光光谱、余辉衰减曲线、热释发光光谱以及紫外-可见吸收光谱等方法的测试分析，系统地研究了该玻璃体系的长余辉发光机理，并建立了其长余辉发光的半程隧穿模型.Tb³⁺掺杂ZnO-B₂O₃-SiO₂玻璃的长余辉发光只跟能级较浅的电子陷阱有关，不同能级深度的陷阱对应着余辉衰减的不同过程；Tb³⁺离子是被紫外光直接激发发生光氧化失去电子的，然后电子经由导带被能级深度不同的电子陷阱捕获；电子从陷阱中热致逃逸出来后，通过5d能带隧穿到与陷阱最邻近的激活离子上而复合发光.     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of carbon-based thin films in chloride ions containing electrolytes

Commercially available carbon-based thin films consisting of single layers of amorphous diamond-like carbon or multilayers of crystalline TiAlN or CrN with diamond-like carbon top coatings were evaluated in relation to their electrochemical corrosion behavior in chloride ions containing electrolytes. The hardened working steel (an alloy of 0.9% C, 4.1% Cr, 4.9% Mo, 1.8% V, 6.4% W) was used as a substrate material.The potentiodynamic corrosion behavior of coated samples was tested in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and Hank's balanced body solution, HBBS (0.89 wt.% NaCl, further chlorides, sulfates, carbonates and phosphates). The multi-layers TiAlN + a-C:H:W and CrN + a-C:H:W exhibited only a minor improvement in corrosion resistance. Single layers of amorphous diamond-like carbon coating without hydrogen (a-C) spall off during the corrosion tests in chloride containing media. A minor improvement of the corrosion resistance is possible. The a-C:H and the a-C:H:Si, which contain hydrogen, showed the best corrosion resistance with a 100 times lower corrosion current density.     

Coulomb explosion following electronic excitation in ion-solid interaction

In atomic collisions in solids by the ions with very strong electronic interaction, it is confirmed that the atomic displacement process is enhanced by electronic excitation. Two experimental results are introduced as examples. The first is the columnar defect formation in a cuprate superconductor Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_x which is irradiated with 3.5 GeV Xe ions, the second is sputtering induced by highly charged ion (HCI) bombardment (Xe^q+; q=15-44). Since there are some indications to show that these phenomena might be the outcome of the Coulomb explosion process, we tried to make a molecular dynamics simulation of the sputtering process based on this Coulomb explosion mechanism. Good agreement between the simulation and experiment was found. For sputtering of electrically conductive materials, the importance of neutralization dynamics of the HCI and the highly charged region in the solid materials was indicated.     

稀土离子掺杂对长余辉发光玻璃发光性能的影响

选择制备了系列Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋共掺杂的硼铝酸锶长余辉发光玻璃。利用发光光谱、余辉衰减曲线、热释光谱系统研究了稀土离子掺杂对长余辉玻璃发光性能的影响。研究结果表明，不同掺量组合的Eu^2＋及Dy^3＋对长余辉玻璃发光性能有不同影响，在Eu^2＋及Dy^3＋掺量比为l：l（摩尔比）的情形下，随Eu^2＋离子掺量的增多，发光性能下降；在Eu^2＋及Dy^3＋掺量比为1：2的情形下，随Eu^2＋离子掺量的增多，发光性能增强。在此实验基础上，围绕缺陷形态及其与稀土离子间的能量传递，提出了可能的长余辉机制。     

Interface mixing induced by swift heavy ions at metal-oxide/silicon interfaces

It was observed previously that ceramic/ceramic bilayers were very sensitive with respect to the electronic stopping power S_e, i.e. strong interface mixing, scaling with , occurred if a threshold S_ec was exceeded. The threshold seemed to be determined by the higher track formation threshold of two constituents forming the bilayer. Although no track formation has been observed in crystalline Si even for Uranium projectiles, interface mixing was observed previously for some Si-multilayers.

In this paper we report on the interface mixing of NiO, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂ on Si due to irradiation with 90–350 MeV Ar-, Kr-, Xe- and Au-ions at 80 K at fluences up to 9E15 ions/cm². Interface mixing, analyzed by means of Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), is found for these bilayers, too. But the threshold for intermixing is significantly higher compared to the ceramic/ceramic bilayers. This observation could be an evidence for the threshold being determined by the Si-layer. In contrast to NiO/Si and Fe₂O₃/Si, where an usual random walk mixing Δσ² = kΦ was observed, the interface broadening Δσ² for TiO₂/Si is found to scale nonlinearly with the ion fluence, which indicates that mixing is driven by a chemical solid-state reaction. At higher fluences plateaus form at the low energy Ni-edge of the RBS spectra. The plateaus indicate phase formation. X-Ray diffraction spectra does not show any evidence for new crystalline phases.     

H2BPMPBD和TOPO协同萃取Ln3+的研究

研究了1,4-双(1'-苯基-3'-甲基-5'-氧代吡唑-4'-基)丁二酮(H2BPMPBD,简为H2A)和三正辛基氧化膦(TOPO)的氯仿溶液从硝酸介质中对Ln3+的协同萃取.用斜率法确定了萃合物的组成为LaA·HA·TOPO,考察了萃取剂浓度和溶液酸度对萃取机理的影响,测定了半萃取pH1/2值和萃取反应平衡常数Ks.e,求得了反应的焓变和熵变.