海湾战争中的坦克装甲车辆

本文认为地面战斗是海湾战争的决定因素、坦克又是决定地面战斗的关键因素。从海湾战争坦克战中启示:坦克要有一定防空能力,“数量优势论”要重新探讨,夜战器材十分重要,c~3I不可忽视并要齐装配套形成作战武器系统群。     

运载火箭箱体壳段强度验算方法

提出了箱体壳段使用轴压的另一种计算方法。该方法可以解决同批运载火箭发射不同卫星引起载荷变化而出现的问题。     

OTTER: The design and development of an intelligent underwater robot

Recent advances in sensing and intelligent control technologies open a whole new dimension in underwater autonomy. However, before truly-capable, autonomous underwater robots can be created for subsea intervention and exploration, many research issues must be first investigated and developed experimentally on testbed platforms.OTTER is an underwater robot designed to be used as a testbed for autonomous technologies. Both OTTER's hardware and software systems are configured to support simultaneous development and testing of different concepts for underwater robotic by independent researchers. A general control-software framework enables common access to all subsystems and avoids the duplication of basic robotic functionality jointly required by all projects. Additionally, the new autonomous technologies enabled by the results of individual research are mutually compatible and can be easily integrated into a single robotic system. Examples of new technologies demonstrated on the OTTER underwater robot include control from a real-time vision-sensing system, coordinated arm/vehicle control, and control from 3D graphical user interfaces.     

Human display monitoring and failure detection: Control theoretic models and experiments

Two newly developed control theoretic models for human display monitoring and decision making are presented that use the information structure of the well-known optimal control model of human response. Experimental paradigms with six dominant task variables (i.e. number of displayed processes, bandwidths, event probabilities, field of view, process couplings, and failure couplings), deduced from vehicle and process control situations, are the basis for extensive validation studies including eye-movement recordings. The broad coverage of the paradigms and the high degree of data/model correspondence provide the predictive potential for the analysis, design, and evaluation of man-machine systems. The relation of these models to existing prediction schemes is outlined.     

采用CVT的并联HEV驱动系统最佳工作点的确定

以驱动系统整体效率最大为原则,阐述了采用CVT的并联HEV在电机以电动状态单独工作、电机以发电状态单独工作、发动机单独工作、发动机和电机联合工作这4种工作模式下驱动系统最佳工作点的确定方法。该方法通过使驱动系统需求转矩在发动机和电机之间合理分配,并确定与之相应的最佳CVT传动比,从而实现提高驱动系统整体效率和降低车辆油耗的目标。将该方法用于某采用CVT的并联HEV,并进行仿真分析,仿真结果能达到预期目标。     

电动汽车驱动用永磁同步电动机转子结构选择

应用电磁场分析方法比较了具有不同转子结构的电动汽车用永磁同步电动机磁阻转矩的有效利用、弱磁能力及永磁体的抗失磁能力,从而得到电动汽车用永磁同步电动机的转子结构选择方法。     

Analysis and prediction of traffic fatalities resulting from angle collisions including the effect of vehicles' configuration and compatibility

Although the rapid growth in light truck vehicle (LTV) sales, including minivans, sports utility vehicles (SUVs), and light-duty trucks, has not been associated with an overall increase in collisions or traffic deaths in the US, there is a need for a research program to determine whether particular types of collisions have become more frequent or injurious because of the increase in the percent of LTVs in traffic. This paper presents an analysis of the effect of the increasing number of LTV registrations on fatal angle collision trends in the US. The analysis investigates the number of annual fatalities that result from angle collisions as well as collision configuration (car-car, car-LTV, LTV-car, and LTV-LTV). The analysis uses the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) crash databases covering the period 1975-2000. Results showed that death rates differ based on the collision configuration. Time series modeling results showed that fatalities in angle collisions will increase in the next 10 years, and that they are affected by the expected increase in the percentage of LTVs in traffic. Forecast showed that the total number of annual deaths is expected to reach 6300 deaths by the year 2010 (an increase of 12% over 2000). Analysis into the configuration of the collision indicated the seriousness of angle collisions involving an LTV striking a common passenger car (LTV-car). A time series model illustrated the significance of time lag and percent of LTVs in traffic on the increase of this type of fatal collisions. Forecasts from the time series model indicated a 32% increase in deaths due to this type of collisions in the next 10 years.     

The effects of daylight and daylight saving time on US pedestrian fatalities and motor vehicle occupant fatalities

This paper analyzes the effects of daylight and daylight saving time (DST) on pedestrian and motor vehicle occupant fatalities in the United States. Multivariate analyses of county level data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 2-week periods in 1998 and 1999 are used. Results show that full year daylight saving time would reduce pedestrian fatalities by 171 per year, or by 13% of all pedestrian fatalities in the 5:00-10.00 a.m. and in the 4:00-9:00 p.m. time periods. Motor vehicle occupant fatalities would be reduced by 195 per year, or 3%, during the same time periods.     

Environmental factors associated with crash-related mortality and injury among taxi drivers in New South Wales, Australia

This exploratory study aims to investigate the associations between some environmental factors and the increased risk of motor vehicle crash-related injuries among taxi drivers. Information utilised in the study are obtained from police reports of all road traffic accidents that occurred on the roads between 1996 and 2000 in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Of the 7923 taxi drivers who involved in crashes, nearly 10% (n = 750) were killed or injured. Results indicate sex, and two environmental factors are significantly associated with an increased risk of crash-related mortality and injury among taxi drivers. The adjusted relative risk of crash-related mortality and injury is increased by 60% for those who work the night shift (OR = 1.59, 95%CI = 1.35-1.88), and by 20% for those who do not carry any passenger on board (OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.02-1.41) should these drivers involve in a crash. The increased relative risk of crash-related mortality and injury is nearly 2.5 times for female taxi drivers (OR = 2.30, 95%CI = 1.45-3.65) when compared with their male counterparts.     

Long term medical costs of motor vehicle casualties in Alberta (1999): a population-based, incidence approach

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the long term medical costs attributable to motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) for all persons in Alberta, Canada in 1999, primarily using observational data. Injury claims with personal identifiers for 1999 were reported by the automobile insurance companies. These records were linked to the provincial health registry which covers the entire population. The registry is linked to databases which identify all inpatient and outpatient (including emergency room) visits, physician services, and other health records. Utilization and costs were derived for all casualties who were admitted to hospital or seen in an emergency room, and for a large sample of other (low severity) cases; a sample of matched controls was derived and their costs were also estimated. Actual costs were obtained for 3 years, and longer term costs were projected for subsequent years. Total costs attributable to MVAs were estimated at over $117 million for 1999. Average net costs per casualty, reported by severity group, were: $22.9 thousand for hospital cases; $3.6 thousand for emergency room – only cases; and $157 for other cases. Long term costs were 65% of first year costs for hospitalized cases and 250% for emergency room cases. Overall, aggregate costs for all non-hospital cases exceeded those for hospitalized cases.