微山稀土精矿经固氟后采用氯化铵法回收稀土

微山稀土精矿经固氟后，采用氯化铵法回收稀土. 通过单因素条件实验确定了矿物固氟和氯化焙烧的较宜条件：固氟温度为550℃，固氟剂用量与精矿质量比为1:20，固氟焙烧时间50 min; 氯化剂用量与精矿质量比为1.2:1，氯化焙烧温度480℃，氯化时间60 min. 在较宜条件下，稀土的浸出回收率在87.8%以上. 利用X射线衍射探讨了固氟过程中可能发生的反应.     

ECS-100 DCS控制系统在离子膜制碱装置中的应用

介绍某公司引进的离子膜制碱装置采用国产DCS系统的原由，系统的结构及特点。详细论述ECS-100 DCS在装置的特殊控制、顺序控制、联锁等方面的应用情况。     

Effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals on nitrogen release during temperature programmed pyrolysis of coal

Formation of HCN, NH₃, and N₂ during fixed-bed pyrolysis at 10K min⁻¹ has been studied using coal samples after partial demineralization followed by addition of metal hydroxides from aqueous systems. Without additives, NH₃ is the predominant product at ≤ 700°C, showing the two peaks in the formation rate profile, whereas N₂ is the only product at ≥ 800°C. The presence of NaOH, KOH and Ca(OH)₂ promotes considerable NH₃ formation between 450 and 600°C, but in contrast suppresses HCN formation in this region. The Ca shows the largest effect on both the promotion and suppression. It is likely that the NH₃ increased by Ca addition arises partly from HCN, but mainly from secondary reactions of tar-N. These hydroxides affect N₂ formation in quite different manners: the Na decreases the rate between 700 and 950°C, and the K changes it less significantly than the Na, but the Ca remarkably increases the rate in a low temperature region of 550–700°C. These different features are discussed in terms of solid-phase reactions of alkali metal carbonates with char-N and secondary decomposition reactions of tar-N on CaO particles. As a result, total conversion of coal-N to HCN, NH₃ and N₂ up to 1000°C increases in the sequence of Na < none < K < Ca.     

碱金属盐对低氢酯比下苯甲酸甲酯加氢催化剂的修饰

为了考察了Mn与Zn摩尔配比以及不同碱金属盐修饰制得的锰锌复合氧化物催化剂对苯甲酸甲酯气固催化加氢合成苯甲醛反应活性和选择性的影响,在氢酯比为1.5的条件下,进行苯甲酸甲酯催化加氢反应,发现以5%LiCl修饰的活性组分负载量为25%、n(Mn)/n(Zn)为1.14的MnO-ZnO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,在常压、430℃、空时为1.84 h时,苯甲酸甲酯的转化率为97.71%,苯甲醛的选择性为84.80%.     

Alkali reduction and reactive dye dyeing of T/N nonwoven fabrics dipped into silicon‐containing,water‐borne polyurethane

Two series of anionic water‐borne polyurethanes with alkali resistance and covalent bonds of a reactive dye were synthesized with different molar ratios of poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG). They were classified with respect to PTMG 1000 and PTMG 2000. The fiber blends of polyester/nylon nonwoven fabrics were dipped into silicon‐containing, water‐borne polyurethane and squeezed to an 80% pickup ratio. Finally, the manmade leather was treated with alkali reduction and dyed with a reactive dye. The alkali reduction and the thermal, mechanical, and dyeing properties of the manmade leather were studied. For alkali reduction, different ratios of NaOH and Na₂CO₃ concentrations were used. Na₂CO₃ was used because of its better spreading and buffering properties. The softness and breaking load were measured and related to the weight reduction. For the dyeing properties, a reactive dye with vinyl sulfone groups was found to bond with the OH group of water‐borne polyurethane by covalent bonding. On the basis of alkali reduction, a mixture of NaOH and Na₂CO₃ with a concentration ratio of 0.1N/0.2N could lead to better softness and alkali reduction of leather. For the mechanical properties, leather of the PTMG 1000 series showed a higher breaking load than leather of the PTMG 2000 series. However, less elongation in the PTMG 1000 series resulted. Differential scanning calorimetry showed an endothermic peak at 50–100°C. This indicated that the glass‐transition temperature of the hard segment decreased with an increasing amount of the soft segment in leather; meanwhile, both the glass‐transition temperature of the soft segment and the melting temperature of the hard segment also decreased as the content of the soft segment increased. For the dyeing properties, the reactive blue dye could reach up to 96.1% dye uptake in the polyurethane part of the leather. Moreover, the washing fastness could be graded as high as 4–5, and the light resistance was also graded to 4–5, in the dyed leather. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 2324–2335, 2005     

乙二醇单丁醚为溶剂制备共轭亚油酸的研究

以乙二醇单丁醚作为溶剂,KOH作催化剂,碱催化异构化法用豆油制备共轭亚油酸。通过正交设计,紫外光谱分析考察了4种因素对亚油酸转化率的影响,并得出制备高亚油酸油脂合适的工艺条件:反应温度135℃,反应时间3 h,强碱催化剂与原料质量比为0.4∶1,原料与溶剂质量比为2∶3。在此条件下,亚油酸的平均转化率达到96.8%。结果表明,该溶剂能使反应在均相体系中较为温和的温度条件下较短的时间内完成。     

沸石的碱处理溶解

晶体的溶解与晶体的生长存在着密切的联系，详细研究沸石晶体的溶解行为将有助于更好的理解沸石晶体的生长机理。鉴于目前对沸石晶体的碱处理溶解行为的研究尚处于初始阶段，所以从沸石碱溶解的几点关键内容出发，如沸石的硅铝比对沸石碱处理的影响，焙烧“活化”后沸石的碱处理溶解行为的变化，沸石与其无定形前驱物的溶解性差异以及沸石的溶解机理和溶解动力学方程方面，综述了有关沸石碱处理溶解研究方面的最新动态。     

龙须草碱木素特性的研究

用化学方法和波谱方法研究了龙须草减木素（ESL）的结构特性，并与杨木和麦草碱水素作了比较。ESL是一种绩合程度较高的木素，甲氧基含量较低，而酚羟基和羧基含量较高，结合相对分子质量测定结果可知，在蒸煮时生成较多的小分子产物，使相对分子质量分布较宽。C_9单元式表明ESL中的不饱和度较低，波谱分析表明，ESL中的共轭酯键已大部分断裂。与ESL相连的碳水化合物主要是聚阿拉伯糖降解生成的碎片。     

碱液对储层损害实验评价研究

碱是钻井液中的处理剂之一,常用的有NaOH、Na2CO3和KOH等,通过选取苏北草舍泰州组、祝庄和茅山阜宁组的岩心进行碱液溶蚀试验和室内模拟碱流动评价实验得知,三种类型不同浓度的碱(KOH、NaOH和Na2CO3)对苏北草舍泰州组、祝庄和茅山阜宁组的岩心的碱溶失率都不高,三种碱3%KOH、5%NaOH和7%Na2CO3对草舍油田泰州组碱敏损害程度很小都为弱碱敏,综合看来,3%NaOH碱作为苏北油田钻井液碱处理剂比较理想。     

硫铁矿烧渣富铁除硫研究

利用硫酸厂生产SO2后硫铁矿残渣,用水洗溶解可溶性物质、磁选、球磨法富集铁,化学浸泡去除铁精矿中的硫,浓碱法浮选法去除二氧化硅等。经磁选、浮选等方法处理后,烧渣的含铁质量分数由42.4%提高到63.58%;含硫量由1.37%下降到0.12%。产品可用作炼生铁三级品原料。