广州市住宅直饮水设计定额的确定

对住宅直饮水系统的实际运营情况进行了分析,运营中出现的销售水量低于直饮水定额、制水设备实际工作时间低于额定时间及水表工作不正常等现象都反映了现行直饮水设计定额的不合理性,建议将用水量定额定为5～8L/(户·d),既符合实际情况又能满足居民远期需求。     

SISAK快速化学分离装置的建立

SISAK(Short-lived Isotopes Studies by the AKUFVE technique)技术是目前使用最广泛的快速化学分离方法之一,主要应用在短寿命核素的分离和鉴别、超重元素的人工合成以及化学性质研究等方面的工作中.本文简单地叙述了SISAK技术的流程、原理和发展现状,介绍了自行建立的国内第一套基于SISAK技术的快速化学分离装置,并通过从裂变产物中分离短寿命核素这一实例验证了SISAK技术在快速化学分离中的优越性.     

SJT-B助剂/表面活性剂/聚合物三元复合体系的黏度和界面张力研究

助剂SJT-B是10%的磷硅酸盐胶体溶液,含有Na^＋和K^＋、SiO3^2-和PO4^3-等离子,在活化状态下一部分SiO3^2-和PO4^3-生成具5个负电荷的聚磷硅酸根链状阴离子,后者可结合Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋而形成纳米磷硅酸盐胶态粒子,避免结垢并防止金属腐蚀。以助剂SJT-B代替NaOH,用大庆油田回注污水配制SJT-B/烷基苯磺酸盐/聚合物三元复合溶液,取SJT-B浓度为1.0-8.0 g/kg,石油磺酸盐浓度为0.5-4.0 g/kg,聚合物浓度为1.2 g/kg,按排列组合法得到25个实验配方。对照NaOH/石油磺酸盐/聚合物溶液组成为12/3.0/1.2 g/kg,初配黏度（45℃,7.34s^-1）27.3 mPa·s,界面张力（45℃）3.20×10^-3mN/m。初配各实验配方溶液黏度31.2-44.8 mPa·s,45℃老化30天后黏度降低率2.71%-36.97%;初始界面张力最低值1.13×10^-3mN/m,最高值4.34×10^-2mN/m,在界面活性图上,10^-3mN/m超低界面张力区出现在高SJT-B和烷基苯磺酸盐区,老化后该区扩大。筛选出的SJT-B/石油磺酸盐/聚合物体系组成为4.0/3.0/1.2 g/kg,其初始黏度为37.1 mPa·s,老化后黏度降低3.77%,初始界面张力1.79×10^-2mN/m。图2表3参8。     

南海北部陆缘晚期油气成藏机理及动力学过程

总结了南海北部陆缘晚期(或浅层)油气藏的勘探技术和方法,指出晚期油气成藏具有海底麻坑、气烟囱、"地震模糊带"和"亮点"等地震异常特征,从地化特征上可划分为浅层生物气、成熟—高成熟热解气和高含CO₂热解气等3种油气成藏类型.在研究新构造运动表现形式的基础上,分析了逆断层、正断层和底辟—走滑断层3个断层活动区的晚期油气成藏机理,指出断层晚期活动和后期快速沉降促进了油气的运移和再分配,晚期油气成藏主要沿莺歌海盆地莺东斜坡带、东方—乐东区和沿琼东南盆地二号断裂带及珠江口盆地坳陷边缘斜坡带等分布,有利于油气和天然气水合物的勘探.      

Velocity Profile in Fixed Beds: A Study on the Representativeness of the Experimental Measurement of Downstream Flow Characteristics

Although considerable progress has been made in the development of experimental techniques for investigating velocity distribution inside a fixed bed, these techniques were limited to special cases. Consequently, the velocity distribution is normally measured at downstream of the fixed bed and then this measurement is considered to be representative for the flow inside the bed. To evaluate the representativeness of this technique, this work presents a study of the change in the flow characteristics, starting from the boundary of the fixed bed within the pipe to a downstream position where the experimental measurement is taken, by using simulations based on computational fluid dynamics methods.     

Production of biodiesel from waste fryer grease using mixed methanol/ethanol system

Transesterification of waste fryer grease (WFG) containing 5–6 wt.% free fatty acid (FFA) was carried out with methanol, ethanol, and mixtures of methanol/ethanol maintaining the oil to alcohol molar ratio of 1:6, and initially with KOH as a catalyst. Mixtures of methanol and ethanol were used for transesterification in order to use the better solvent property of ethanol and rapid equilibrium using methanol. Formation of soap by reaction of FFA present in WFG with KOH instigated difficulty in the separation of glycerol from biodiesel ester. To untangle this problem, two-stage (acid and alkali catalyzed) method was used for biodiesel synthesis. More than 90% ester was obtained when two-stage method was used compared to ∼ 50% ester in single stage alkaline catalyst. In the case of mixed alcohol, a relatively smaller amount of ethyl esters was formed along with methyl esters. Acid value, viscosity, and cetane number of all the esters prepared from WFG were within the range of the ASTM standard. Esters obtained from WFG showed good performance as a lubricity additive.     

U(Ⅳ)-U(Ⅵ)同位素交换反应动力学研究 Ⅰ.Fe~(2+)对U(Ⅳ)-U(Ⅵ)同位素交换反应的催化作用

一、前言由于U(IV)-U(VI)同位素交换体系具有相当大的同位素效应和很好的稳定性,并且容易实现两相回流,这对于分离U同位素的工业应用都是十分有利的。但是,U(IV)-U(VI)同位素交换反应速度非常慢,常温下H~+浓度为1.0—4.0 mol/l时,速度常数为1.0×10~(-4)l~2/mol·s。因此要用U(IV)-U(VI)交换体系浓缩铀同位素,必须研究U(IV)-U(VI)交换反应动力学,找到加快交换反应的方法。     

高效环保型水基洗井液室内研究与性能评价

以渤海最大稠油油田SZ36-1油田的油污为研究对象,采用多种表面活性剂复配,研制了高效环保型水基洗井液;并对该洗井液的油污 清洗性能,与原油、地层水配伍性以及储层保护和环保等性能进行了系统地评价.结果表明 ,高效环保型水基洗井液对稠油油污具有良好的清洗能力;与0#柴油相比较,不仅洗井成 本低、时间短,而且还具有防腐作用和环保性能好等优点;同时,该洗井液还具有良好的配伍性和储层保护性能.