Leveling the Tilts of a Tenement Building Founded on Loess Soils Prone to Slump-Type Settlement by Regular Wetting

Experience is described for leveling of the tilts of a nine-story tenement building founded on soils prone to slump-type settlement by regular wetting through filtration-weep holes around the building and partially through pits excavated inside the interstitial basement. The leveling was carried out without curtailing the normal service of the building and evacuating its tenants; the building is located in an area classed with an eight-point seismicity.Publicly owned joint-stock company Tsentr Sotsial'noi Ékspertizy     

Theoretical study of wetting behavior of nanoparticles at fluid interfaces

In this work, a theoretical model was developed to describe the wetting behavior of nanoparticles at liquid‐vapor interface by the integration of the renormalization group transformation, the cell theory, and the modified fundamental measurement theory with the first‐order mean spherical approximation method. The results show that the new model can be used to investigate the global behavior and surface tensions of nanoparticle/fluid systems. Particularly, the nanoparticle's wetting behavior inside critical region was discussed systematically. More important, this work proposed a methodology for calculating line tension and contact angle, showing that line tension has considerable influence on wetting properties for small nanoparticles, whereas it is negligible for large nanoparticles. Therefore, this work provides a general method for studying the wetting behavior of nanoparticles that may find wide applications in the field of chemical engineering. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Monte carlo approach to estimating the photodegradation of polymer coatings

The degradation of a polymer coating and predicting the coating lifetime based on physical properties and distribution within the coating of the polymer binder, pigments, and fillers are economically very important. As technologies advance and allow for control of coatings at the nanoscale level, methods such as Monte Carlo can be used not only to predict the behavior of a nanodesigned coating with time but also to design coatings, such as optimizing pigment particle distributions or optimum hard and soft phase distributions of the binders in multiphase systems for maintaining the desired property with time. Erosion of the coating surface was simulated using Monte Carlo techniques where terrestrial solar flux is the initiator for polymer segment cleavage and removal. The impact on the sensitivity of the polymer adjacent to the detached polymer segment can be increased or decreased in the model based on the chemistry and surface energy of the remaining polymer matrix. Multiple phases with varying sensitivity to degradation can be modeled. The Monte Carlo generates a statistically similar surface topography and chemistry of the coating. The results of the Monte Carlo model are compared to measurable properties such as gloss, fracture toughness, and wetting contact angle, using various published correlations of the property to the surface topology. The simulated properties change through the life-time of the coating in ways that are consistent with observed behavior. Apparently, complicated changes in many properties can be described by the repeated application of simple, random processes. Presented at the 79th Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 28–November 1, 2002, in New Orleans, LA.     

Crystallization and wetting of ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramic for sealing to Kovar alloy

A new type of ZnO-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂ glassceramics seals to Kovar in electronic packaging was developed, whose coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and electrical resistance were 5.2 × 10⁻⁶/°C and over 1 × 10¹³ Ω·cm, respectively. The major crystalline phases in the glass-ceramics seals were ZnAl₂O₄, ZnB₂O₄ and NaSiAl₂O₄. The dielectric resistance of the glass-ceramic could be remarkably enhanced through the control of the alkali metal ions into the crystal lattices. It was found that the crystallization happened first on the surface of the sample, leaving the amorphous phase in the inner parts, which makes the glass suitable for sealing. The glass-ceramic showed better wetting on the Kovar surface, and sealing atmosphere and temperature showed great effect on the wetting angle. Strong interfacial bonding was obtained, which was mainly attributed to the interfacial reaction between SiO₂ and FeO or Fe₃O₄. This paper was presented at 2008 MRS International Materials Research Conference and won the student best paper award of the conference.     

润湿剂对乳胶漆展色的影响因素探讨

根据润湿剂对颜填料的润湿分散作用,利用比重法、粘度法、色差值等方法得出如何有针对性地选择润湿剂来充分体现色浆在涂料中的展色作用。     

Reaction properties and interfacial intermetallics for Sn−xAg−0.5Cu solders as a function of Ag content

Wetting and interfacial reactions were investigated for Sn−xAg−0.5Cu alloys, in which the Ag content had a variation from x=1.0 to x=4.0. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the range of the melting temperature and the solidification temperature by measuring the endothermic and the exothermic heat flow, respectively. Low Ag contents increased the melting temperature ranges and deteriorated the wetting properties such as zero cross time and wetting force measured at two seconds. The extent of undercooling increased and the thickness of intermetallic compounds (IMC) decreased as the Ag content decreased. As the Ag content decreased, the initial IMC thickness decreased due to the large undercooling and, during the solid aging at 170°C, the IMC growth slightly decelerated because of the small diffusion coefficient. For the application of good drop shock reliability, Sn−Ag−Cu solder of low Ag content should be beneficial due to the restraint of the IMC growth (Cu₆Sn₅ and Cu₃Sn) and of the coarse plate-like IMC (Ag₃Sn).     

等向应力条件下非饱和原状黄土增湿渗水特性试验研究

渗水系数是非饱和土固结分析的关键参数之一。用自制的非饱和土三轴剪切渗透仪,在无应力及不同等向应力下分别对不同和相同孔隙比的原状黄土进行了直接向试样分级注水使吸力逐渐减小的增湿渗透试验,分析了孔隙比,应力与饱和度及吸力对增湿渗水系数的影响,对比分析了无应力与应力作用下的渗水特性,提出了可以考虑应力与饱和度或吸力影响的非饱和原状黄土增湿渗水的渗透性函数。研究结果表明:孔隙比和应力对渗水系数与饱和度关系及渗水系数与吸力关系皆有影响,吸力较大时对后者几乎没有影响,可近似归一。无应力及不同应力条件下,只要孔隙比相同,则渗水系数与饱和度或吸力关系相同;相对渗水系数与吸力的关系不能归一,同一吸力对应的相对渗水系数随孔隙比的减小或应力的增大而增大,而相对渗水系数与饱和度及吸力比(吸力与脱气值之比)关系皆可以归一。v G-M模型不适用于描述常孔隙比下原状黄土的渗水系数;提出的渗透函数可以预测一定等向应力作用下增湿过程中饱和度增大及吸力减小时原状黄土的渗水系数,预测结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

含氟季铵盐的动态界面张力性能和润湿铺展性能

含氟季铵盐表面活性剂是一类具有高表面活性、高耐热稳定性、高化学稳定性和憎水、憎油等特殊性能的表面活性剂。该文通过测定不同时间、不同种类的油相、不同质量分数的表面活性剂以及不同无机盐添加比例对油水界面张力的影响以及不同浓度的含氟季铵盐表面活性剂水溶液在石蜡、金属铁等不同固体表面上的接触角,对其动态界面张力以及润湿铺展性能进行了研究。结果表明:界面张力值通常在10 min后基本达到平衡,且用渤61#油做油相时,界面张力值较低,效果比较好;随着表面活性剂质量分数的增加,界面张力先减小,达到一个最低值后渐渐趋于平缓;无机盐的加入使得界面张力先降后升,在Na Cl质量浓度为50~80 g/L内均降至低界面张力,最低值达到0.053 1 m N/m;同时,在典型的具有强疏水性的低能表面石蜡上的铺展性能优良。该研究为其在水溶性场合的应用提供了实验数据。     

Effect of Zr Addition on the Grain Refinement Mechanism of Mg-Gd-Er AlloysEI北大核心CSCD

In recent years, Zr is widely used as an important additive element in magnesium alloys containing rare earth (RE), to improve the mechanical properties of Mg-RE alloys such as strength, ductility, creep resistance and corrosion resistance property. Heterogeneous nucleation mechanism and peritectic reaction mechanism are recognized as the main grain refining mechanisms. Whereas, during the solidification process, the melt wetting angle and nucleation energy are important factors which influence the nucleation. In this work, the effect of Zr on the solidification microstructure of the Mg-Gd-Er alloy was analyzed by using OM and EBSD; the undercooling of alloy melts was tested by using DSC; and the Mg/Zr interface relationship and interfacial energy were investigated by using HRTEM. Moreover, the effects of Zr on the wetting angle and nucleation activation energy of the Mg-11Gd-2Er and Mg-11Gd-2Er-0.4Zr alloys were investigated; the refinement mechanism of Zr on the alloys was discussed. The results indicates that the addition of Zr element can significantly refine the grain, and the grain size decreased from 1000 mm to 50 mu m. Compared with the Zr-free alloy, the nucleation wetting angle of the present alloy melt decreased from 18.3 degrees to 11.1 degrees, and the activation energy of nucleation decreased by 44.4%. The (1010) plane of Mg was completely coherent with the (1100) plane of Zr, reducing the interfacial energy between the (1010) Mg and the (1100) Zr. The grain refinement of Mg-Gd-Er alloy was ascribed to the decrease of melt wetting angle and the fully coherent interface relationship between Mg and Zr.     

土体湿化试验研究现状

土体湿化试验是研究土体湿化特性的重要手段。随着近年来土石坝建设的快速发展,土体湿化试验研究变得尤为重要。文章总结了相关文献的研究成果,从土体湿化试验的研究方法、土体湿化特性和目前存在的问题三方面阐述了土体湿化试验研究的现状。