基于马尔可夫链的自适应性神经网络训练算法

提出一种基于马尔可夫链的自适应性神经网络训练方法,对传统的S型激励函数进行了改进,建立了自适应性的神经网络分类器。在假设样本中噪声服从于正态分布的情况下建立最大似然估计,通过后验概率建立马尔科夫链对样本进行训练,提高了神经网络训练速度。在轴承故障诊断中的测试结果表明,该算法可以迅速稳定地训练出神经网络,有效提高诊断的分类结果。     

高性能活性炭开发生产中的无机活化剂

无机活化剂是开发生产高性能活性炭的关键原料。综述了高性能活性炭开发生产中常用的无机活化剂;介绍了H₃PO₄、KOH、ZnCl₂、CO₂、O₂和水蒸气等无机活化剂的特点和作用机理;总结提出了新型复合活化剂的设计方法及应用。建议加快开发价格低廉的新型复合活化剂;还建议将高性能活性炭生产和酚类废弃物处理结合应用,以降低高性能活性炭生产原料成本和酚类废弃物的处理成本。     

P450酶启发的染料后修饰铁卟啉MOF光催化氧化

受细胞色素P450酶氧化代谢的启发,将染料酸性红87（Acid Red 87）后修饰到金属有机框架PCN-222(Fe)中,构筑非均相拟酶光催化剂Acid Red 87@PCN-222(Fe),拉近染料与铁卟啉中心的距离,利用光致电子转移模拟P450的电子传递链。以1-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙醇为模板底物,对光催化氧化的条件如溶剂、电子牺牲剂、氧源等进行筛选,得到优化反应条件为高碘酸钠(53.5 mg, 0.25 mmol),2,6-二甲基吡啶三氟甲磺酸盐(64.3 mg, 0.25 mmol),Acid Red 87@PCN-222(Fe)(12.0 mg, 0.00625 mmol),乙腈(2 mL),530 nm波长LED光照反应24 h。催化剂重复使用3次后仍保持活性和晶态结构。该催化体系对苄基碳氢键氧化具有良好的底物适用范围,可应用于非甾体类抗炎药匹美诺芬的区位选择性氧化，产率为48%，该体系还可将芳基硫醚类化合物氧化至相应的亚砜，体现其在精细化工制药、工业脱硫领域的应用潜质。     

空心微珠在尼龙改性中的应用研究

利用空心微珠球型的特性，填充改性玻纤增强尼龙6。研究结果表明，空心微珠可提高材料流动性、热变形温度及改善制品外观、降低收缩率和提高制品的物理性能。     

NiFe2O4及添加TiO2的尖晶石的烧结过程

以NiO和Fe2O3为主要原料,通过添加少量TiO2粉末来改善NiFe2O4试样的烧结性能。研究了NiFe2O4和TiO2-NiFe2O4 2种样品反应烧结过程中的热力学及动力学条件,同时利用球模型推导的扩散机制的烧结方程测算出2种材料的烧结活化能。结果表明：NiO和Fe2O3固相烧结过程是固相反应和致密化过程同时进行的。添加质量分数为1％TiO2粉末,当合成温度为1250℃时,TiO2-NiFe2O4样品就已达到致密,其烧结活化能由NiFe2O4样品时的245.36kJ/mol降低为142.71kJ/mol。     

JMZ发射药及其组分的热分解性能

用TG和DTA对含环氧乙烷/四氢呋哺共聚醚(PET)黏结剂的发射药(JMZ发射药)及其相关组分的热分解性能进行了研究.通过Kissinger法计算了一些不同配方热分解反应的活化能.对热分解过程及其影响因素进行了分析.结果表明,该类发射药的DTA曲线呈现两个放热峰.体系中加入了NC后,随着NC含量的增加,其活化能升高.该类发射药的热分解过程主要分为两个阶段:第一阶段为混合硝酸酯和NC的挥发和分解;第二阶段为硝胺的分解以及PET的降解.加入NC后,发射药体系的热稳定性增加.     

焙烧法水热合成5A沸石分子筛

焙烧活化化工原料氢氧化钙、氢氧化钠、硅酸钠和二氧化硅，探索焙烧法水热合成5A沸石分子筛的条件。并通过X射线粉末衍射(XPS)和扫描电镜(SEM)对产品进行表征。焙烧原料合成5A沸石分子筛的优化条件为焙烧温度550 ℃, 焙烧时间4 h, 晶化时间4 h。     

The linear viscoelastic properties of copolypropylene–clay nanocomposites

The linear viscoelastic properties of copolypropylene (cPP)–clay nanocomposites (cPPCNs) prepared by melt intercalating with different amounts of clay were extensively examined by rheological measurements. Meanwhile, the clay effects on the cPP confinements were first estimated by calculating the activation energy of different cPP moving units, including the whole molecular chain, the chain segment, and smaller unit such as chain link. The results showed that the stability of cPPCNs melts wrecked when the clay loading was above 5 wt %. An increase in clay loading of cPPCNs gave rise to a strong low frequency solid‐like response (G′ > G″). Unlike the matrix polymer, cPPCN5 (with 5 wt % clay) exhibited a relaxation plateau as relaxation time prolonged above 100 s, and displayed a maximal linear modulus. The variations of the activation energy of different cPP moving units revealed that the mobility of cPP molecular chains was restricted by clay layers, while these restrictions were not only related to the clay loadings but also largely depended on the clay dispersion status in the matrix. The motions of cPP chain segments were greatly limited at 3–5 wt % loading of clay, but drastically activated with the addition of 7 wt % clay due to the increasing stacks of clay layers within the matrix. However, it was found that the presence of clay had little effect on the mobility of small cPP moving units such as chain links. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1523–1529, 2006     

Activation of a Au/TiO2 Catalyst by Loading a Large Amount of Fe–Oxide: Oxidation of CO Enhanced by H2 and H2O

Catalytic activity of a 1 wt% Au/TiO₂ catalyst is markedly improved by loading a large amount of FeO_x, on which the oxidation of CO in excess H₂ is selectively promoted at temperature lower than 60 °C. Oxidation of CO with O₂ on the FeO_x/Au/TiO₂ catalyst is markedly enhanced by H₂, and H₂O moisture also enhances the oxidation of CO but its effect is not so large as the promotion by H₂. We deduced that activation of Au/TiO₂ catalyst by loading FeO_x is not caused by the size effect of Au particles but a new reaction path via hydroxyl carbonyl intermediate is responsible for the superior activity of the FeO_x/Au/TiO₂ catalyst.     

免疫细胞素Hu14.18-IL-2对黑色素瘤病人的免疫激活作用

目的评估免疫细胞素Hu14.18-IL-2对黑色素瘤病人体内免疫作用。方法33位黑色素瘤病人用一种人源化抗神经节苷脂GD-2的单抗与IL-2融合的免疫细胞素进行治疗,按每天0.8、1.6、3.2、4.8、6.0、7.5 mg/m2静脉滴注,连续3 d为一疗程,病情稳定或缓解后,在第5周接受第2疗程治疗。观察病人外周血单核淋巴细胞抗体依赖的细胞毒性、自然杀伤细胞活性、IL-2的体外增殖以及IL-2可溶性受体的变化。结果Hu14.18-IL-2能诱导病人淋巴细胞的吞噬作用,增强外周血中自然杀伤细胞的杀伤能力和数目,使血清中IL-2受体复合体的可溶性受体α链水平上升。结论免疫细胞素Hu14.18-IL-2对黑色素瘤病人具有免疫激活作用。