陈四楼煤矿“123456双重预防体系”的建设与应用

针对煤矿“双重预防体系”如何落地生根问题，结合陈四楼煤矿在风险分级管控和隐患排查治理方面的实用方法和“双重预防体系”的建设经验，深入研究了“双重预防体系”的相关标准、风险隐患事故之间的关系及其各自的产生和发展机理、安全风险的有关辨识评估方法、事故隐患的排查和治理方法，分析了传统安全管理模式与“双重预防体系”的新型安全管理模式的差别，总结出了“123456双重预防体系”这个囊括了事前安全风险辨识、事中隐患排查治理、事后安全现状评估的创新成果，实现了“事前、事中、事后”的全过程控制，对夯实煤矿安全管理根基、促进矿井平稳有序发展发挥着越来越重要的作用，为煤炭行业“双重预防体系”的落地生根提供了借鉴和参考。     

Entry into force of the UN Watercourses Convention: why should it matter?

The United Nations Watercourses Convention entered into force on 17 August 2014, following a long and complex journey that dates back to 1970 when the UN referred the matter to its legal arm, the International Law Commission. This article follows the Convention through that long and turbulent road, examines its main provisions and analyses the reasons for the delay of its entry into force. It concludes by answering the question of why entry into force of the Convention should indeed matter.     

基于二元水循环的水量-水质-水效联合调控模型开发与应用

为将我国最严格水资源管理制度的实践与二元水循环理论相结合，提高“三条红线”控制指标的科学性与合理性，本文以SWAT模型为基础，通过改进子流域划分方法、添加经济社会模块和人工用水模块，对其人工侧支循环模拟进行了系统的完善，开发了基于SWAT的水量-水质-水效联合调控模型SWAT_WAQER。以广西南流江流域为例，从国民经济用水量、河道径流与水质等方面对模型进行校验，并在此基础上划分了2030年“三条红线”控制指标。结果表明：该模型性能良好，能够用于不同节水情景下的国民经济用水量、污染物排放量、水功能区水质达标结果分析，可以作为科学制定“三条红线”控制指标的有力支撑工具。     

新型低GWP高温热泵工质HFO-1234ze(Z)的研究进展

高温热泵可以有效回收工业余热，达到节能减排和保护环境的目的。目前，有关高温热泵技术的研究热点在于寻找一种全球变暖潜能值(GWP)低、使用性能良好的工质，以替代现有CFC-114、HFC-245fa工质。对新型环境友好型工质HFO-1234ze(Z)进行了综述，其GWP＜1，临界温度高于423 K，是一种潜在的高温热泵替代工质。总结了近年来国内外学者对HFO-1234ze(Z)的合成技术、热力学性质、输运性质、传热性能等方面的研究，并分析了HFO-1234ze(Z)在高温热泵系统中应用的可行性，认为HFO-1234ze(Z)在高温热泵中具有较好的工作性能和发展前景。     

SBBR反应器中耐冷微生物的驯化与识别

以模拟生活污水为处理对象，三种不同填料为生物膜载体，运行 A、B、C三个SBBR，通过逐步降温（25、20、15、10、6和5℃）培养驯化处理低温污水的生物膜。运行251周期，三个反应器COD出水浓度均低于50 mg/L；B反应器对氨氮去除效果优于A和C。特别在低温5℃时，A、B和C三个反应器氨氮平均出水浓度分别为14.1、3.79和14.1 mg/L。高通量测序结果显示，5℃时，三个反应器中均以降解有机物的微生物为主；只有B反应器中驯化富集出了嗜冷硝化菌（Candidatus Nitrotoga）；而其他有硝化作用的菌属在B反应器中的丰度也高于A和C反应器；不利于脱氮的类固氮菌（Elstera）在A和C反应器中丰度较高。此结果可从微生物角度解释三个反应器处理效果的差异性，表明B反应器处理低温污水有显著优势，其所用填料可结合低温菌进一步开发利用。     

苯乳酸抑制链格孢霉作用靶位的分析

以从自然腐败的樱桃上分离的链格孢霉（Alternaria sp.）LD3.0086为指示菌，研究苯乳酸对链格孢霉的主要抑制作用靶位。应用分光光度法测定苯乳酸对链格孢霉的最小抑菌浓度，通过卡尔科弗卢尔荧光增白剂染液（calcofluor white，CFW）染色观察苯乳酸对菌丝顶端生长的破坏作用，利用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察链格孢霉的超微结构变化，通过测定苯乳酸作用前后链格孢霉上清液中N-乙酰葡萄糖胺质量浓度变化研究苯乳酸对菌丝细胞壁的破坏作用，应用荧光双染色法观察苯乳酸对链格孢霉菌丝细胞膜的损伤作用。结果表明，12.5 mmol/L的苯乳酸能有效抑制链格孢霉的生长；与对照组（无菌水处理）相比，苯乳酸处理后链格孢霉顶端生长细胞无明显形变，经12.5 mmol/L苯乳酸处理的链格孢霉上清液中N-乙酰葡萄糖胺质量浓度基本不变；苯乳酸处理24 h，链格孢霉菌丝细胞壁表面无明显损伤，细胞内结构发生明显变化；苯乳酸短时间（4 h）处理链格孢霉，菌丝细胞膜仍较为完整，加入苯乳酸较长时间（8 h）后细胞膜发生破裂。综合分析可知，苯乳酸对链格孢霉的主要作用靶位应不是菌丝体的细胞壁和细胞膜，而是在菌丝体内部，通过破坏菌丝内部细胞器结构或引起细胞内的生化反应，从而抑制链格孢霉的生长和繁殖，发挥抑菌活性。     

Catalytic supercritical water oxidation of tri-n-butyl phosphate: Process optimization by response surface methodology and cytotoxicity assessment

Catalytic supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of an organophosphate flame retardant, namely tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP) was studied. Firstly, copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in SCW and their properties were characterized by various analyses. Afterwards, their catalytic performance was investigated under different conditions including reaction temperature (400–500 °C), TNBP volume percentage in the feed (1–4%), oxidant ratio (0–2) and reaction time (50–150 min) based on response surface methodology (RSM). The synthesized CuO NPs had an average particle size of 30 nm with a narrow distribution. According to RSM analysis, the reaction temperature and time are the most significant factors; whereas, the impact of the other factors, especially TNBP volume percentage in the feed, was found to be negligible. Overall, excellent performance was achieved under optimal conditions found by the RSM, which was reaction temperature of 500 °C, TNBP volume percentage of 4%, oxidant ratio of 1.5, and reaction time of 90 min. The TOC removal efficiency as an indicator of TNBP degradation was about 99%. Finally, in vitro cell viability assays for the cytotoxicity evaluation of fresh and SCW-treated solution were applied. The results of MTT showed that SCWO converts TNBP into by-product that did not induce any cytotoxicity.     

Additive manufacturing of bipolar plates for hydrogen production in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis cells

Water electrolysis is a process that can produce hydrogen in a clean way when renewable energy sources are used. This allows managing large renewable surpluses and transferring this energy to other sectors, such as industry or transport. Among the electrolytic technologies to produce hydrogen, proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis is a promising alternative. One of the main components of PEM electrolysis cells are the bipolar plates, which are machined with a series of flow distribution channels, largely responsible for their performance and durability. In this work, AISI 316L stainless steel bipolar plates have been built by additive manufacturing (AM), using laser powder bed fusion (PBF-L) technology. These bipolar plates were subjected to ex-situ corrosion tests and assembled in an electrolysis cell to evaluate the polarization curve. Furthermore, the obtained results were compared with bipolar plates manufactured by conventional machining processes (MEC). The obtained experimental results are very similar for both manufacturing methods. This demonstrates the viability of the PBF-L technology to produce metal bipolar plates for PEM electrolyzers and opens the possibilities to design new and more complex flow distribution channels and to test these designs in initial phases before scaling them to larger surfaces.