The effect of various slaked limes on the microstructure of a lime-cement-sand mortar

The present work aims to provide a better understanding of the effect of both the proportions and the characteristics of slaked lime on the microstructure of a lime-cement-sand mortar. Cement (CPA CEM I 52.5) has been replaced by various categories of slaked lime chosen for the diversity of their physico-chemical characteristics.Cement has been replaced by lime in proportions varying between 0 to 10% of the total binder mass. With very few exceptions, mortars were produced by maintaining the quantity of water constant.Experimental results show that it is necessary to have a high lime substitution percentage to influence the microstructure of the mortar, except in the case of a lime containing magnesium hydroxide or calcic lime featuring sizeable specific surface area.The influence of the nature of the substituted lime on the development of the microstructure in the matrix has been examined by SEM observations of the mortar micro porosity.     

Groundnut Yield Response to Single Superphosphate, Calcitic Lime and Gypsum on Acid Granitic Sandy Soil

Phosphorus and calcium are the major nutrients limiting groundnut production. The objectives were to determine (a) optimum application levels of P and Ca, and (b) compare the effectiveness of calcitic lime (40% Ca, 4.5% Mg) and gypsum (22% Ca, 17% S) as sources of Ca for groundnut grown on sandy soils. Field experiments were established in smallholder farming areas using four levels of P (0, 8.5, 17 and 34 kg ha⁻¹) combined factorially with calcitic lime (0, 200, 400 and 800 kg ha⁻¹) to give 16 treatments. Similar levels of P were combined factorially with gypsum (0, 100, 200 and 400 kg ha⁻¹) to give sixteen treatments. Experiments were laid in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Phosphorus had a significant effect on groundnut yield at the majority of the experimental sites. Application of P at 8.5 kg ha⁻¹ gave the optimum groundnut yield response. The optimum application rates for calcitic lime and gypsum were 200 and 100 kg ha⁻¹. Gypsum and calcitic lime were not significantly different as sources of Ca for groundnut. Soil chemical properties were significantly improved following application of P and Ca sources.     

高C3S含量硅酸盐水泥熟料极限石灰率值选择及控制方法的探讨

分析了不同C3S含量硅酸盐水泥熟料的矿物形成过程、易烧性及矿相结构差异,对高C3S含量硅酸盐水泥熟料适宜的极限石灰率值选择及控制方法进行了探讨。分析表明,高C3S含量硅酸盐水泥熟料的配料,宜采用李和派克石灰饱和系数LSF控制极限石灰数量,无论硅酸率及铝氧率如何变化,LSF值必须<1。对于低硅酸率高C3S含量熟料,LSF应偏低控制,对于高铁配方熟料,LSF宜偏低控制;视硅酸率不同,熟料LSF低限值可至0.96附近。     

Removal of iron from milk of lime to produce pure precipitated calcium carbonate

ABSTRACT

Milk of lime (MOL) suspension is widely utilized in many industries; however, in some of the applications, such as the production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), the suspension must be of high purity and quality. In other words, the amounts of iron and magnesium should be so little so that the final PCC product would be of high quality. The effects of initial temperature, quicklime particle size, amount of initial solid present, agitation rate, and time on the recovery of hydrated lime and iron/magnesium reduction efficiency were investigated through a central composite design (CCD) of experiments. The iron reduction efficiency and the weight recovery of hydrated lime were obtained as 91% and 98.5%, respectively. The reduction of magnesium was not significant in this stage. Moreover, approximately the whole existing SiO₂ was eliminated.     

Lime-induced iron chlorosis in sugarcane

Lime-induced chlorosis is a potential problem on most calcareous soils particularly in arid and semi-arid climates affecting most of the plants grown on them. Bicarbonates, phosphates, calcium, iron inactivation in plant tissue and organic anions have been held responsible as the mechanism leading to the disorder which is still not fully understood, and there is a lack of agreement as to the primary factor responsible for lime-induced chlorosis. To date, no hypothesis has adequately explained why chlorosis occurs on some high lime soils and not on others. Likewise, the nutrient ratios, K/Ca, P/Fe and Fe/Mn considered as diagnostic criteria for lime-induced chlorosis, have shown inconsistency. The presence of calcium carbonate, bicarbonate, calcium and imbalance of nutrient cations in the growth medium, injudicious addition of phosphates, quality of irrigation water, and other soil and plant factors have been held responsible for the disorder. Amelioration of lime-induced chlorosis by (i) acidification of calcareous soils, (ii) use of iron salts, (iii) use of synthetic iron chelates, and (iv) by management practices including the selection and development of varieties resistant to lime-induced iron chlorosis, is discussed. Suggestions for future research work are made.     

掺灰膨胀土的膨胀特性试验研究

通过生石灰对膨胀土的改性作用,在相同初始含水率的条件下,比较改性前后膨胀力、膨胀率的变化趋势,寻求最佳掺灰率;分析了膨胀力与初始含水率,膨胀率与初始含水率以及终止吸水量与初始含水率等关系.     

Mechanism of Mechanical Strength Increase of Soda–Lime Glass by Aging

Two models have been proposed to explain the mechanical strength increase of abraded or indented soda–lime glasses upon aging, namely, crack tip blunting and the release of residual tensile stress near the crack tip. To clarify the mechanism, the time dependence of the strengthening of an abraded soda–lime glass was investigated. Effects of aging media, such as moist air, distilled water, 1 N HCI and 1 N NaOH solutions, as well as the abrasion flaw depth, were determined. The strength increase rate in water of abraded soda–lime glass was compared with those of borosilicate and high-silica glasses. The effect of stressing during aging was also investigated. It was found that the rate of strength increase was faster with decreasing abrasion flaw depth and with decreasing chemical durability. For a given flaw depth, an acidic solution produced the fastest strengthening. The strengthening rate was found to accelerate because of the "coaxing'effect of stressing during aging. From these observations, it was concluded that the strengthening rates relate to the diffusion process and chemical reactions, especially the alkali–hydrogen (or hydronium) ion-exchange reaction, near the crack tip. The role of the residual tensile stress appears to be similar to that of the applied tensile stress, helping the diffusion process near the crack tip. The observed strength increase of soda–lime glass by aging was thus attributed to the effective blunting of the crack tip geometry by the glass–water reaction.     

不同石灰配合比对昔格达土性能的影响试验研究

针对攀西地区昔格达土结构颗粒分散、凝聚力小、抗剪强度低、遇水易膨胀软化等不利工程性质,在昔格达土中加入不同配合比的石灰,通过界限含水率试验、击实试验、三轴试验,探究对昔格达土的塑液限、最大干密度、最优含水率、抗剪强度指标的改性效果,并结合工程实际分析了该掺石灰高回填昔格达土边坡多年的使用状况。通过试验发现,随着掺灰量的增加,灰土的塑液限增大,塑限指标减小,最优含水率增大,最大干密度减小,凝聚力和内摩擦角先增加后减小。最后得出结论,石灰土抗剪强度最大值的灰土最佳配合比约为3：7。     

留渣量对“双渣+留渣”炼钢工艺的影响

通过热力学计算以及工业试验研究留渣量对"双渣+留渣"炼钢工艺的影响。理论计算结果表明,在铁水成分维持不变时,其合理的留渣量约为4.3 t,考虑在实际生产中铁水成分的波动,留渣量可取3~5 t。工业试验表明,采用新的"双渣+留渣"炼钢工艺,留渣量过低易造成第1阶段结束倒渣时渣中含Fe量过高,合理的留渣量为3~4 t,平均降低铁损为2~3 kg/t钢。理论计算结果与工艺试验结果基本一致。     

石灰中和-生物净化处理含铍废水

用以城市生活污水厂剩余污泥为主体的生物净化剂，探讨了石灰中和-生物净化处理含铍废水的新工艺，研究了石灰中和沉降及生物净化过程。结果表明：中和过程的pH值为8～10，可将水中的铍含量降低到100μg／L左右；铍的生物净化最优的pH值为7～10，温度为30℃左右，增大生物净化剂用量有利于铍的处理。采用净化柱连续实验，中和水中铍浓度可降至5μ／L，达到国家排放标准。净化柱中每克生物净化剂能够处理814．71μg铍。