煤矿井下语音应急广播系统的设计与实现

根据煤矿救灾应急的实际需要,提出了一种新型井下语音应急广播系统的设计方案,详细介绍该系统的设计原理、结构、主要功能和软硬件设计,重点阐述了系统发送端与接收端两个子系统实现的关键技术。运行结果表明,该系统稳定、可靠,音频播放流畅,能够满足矿井现场的实际需要。     

Heavy Metal Removal and Neutralization of Acid Mine Waste Water ‐ Kinetic Study

The influence of the apatite on the efficiency of neutralization and on heavy metal removal of acid mine waste water has been studied. The analysis of the treated waste water samples with apatite has shown an advanced purification, the concentration of the heavy metals after the treatment of the waste water with apatite being 25 to 1000 times less than the Maximum Concentration Limits admitted by European Norms (NTPA 001/2005). In order to establish the macro‐kinetic mechanism in the neutralization process, the activation energy, Ea, and the kinetic parameters, rate coefficient of reaction, k_r, and k_t were determined from the experimental results obtained in “ceramic ball‐mill” reactor. The obtained values of the activation energy Ea >> 42 kJ mol^?1 (e.g. Ea = 115.50 ± 7.50 kJ mol^?1 for a conversion of sulphuric acid η_H2SO4 = 0.05, Ea = 60.90 ± 9.50 kJ mol^?1 for η ^H2SO4 = 0.10 and Ea = 55.75 ± 10.45 kJ mol^‐1 for η ^H2SO4 = 0.15) suggest that up to a conversion of H2SO4 equal 0.15 the global process is controlled by the transformation process, adsorption followed by reaction, which means surface‐controlled reactions. At a conversion of sulphuric acid η ^H2SO4 > 0.15, the obtained values of activation energy Ea < 42 kJ mol^‐1 (e.g. Ea = 37.55 ± 4.05 kJ mol^‐1 for η ^H2SO4 = 0.2, Ea = 37.54 ± 2.54 kJ mol^‐1 for η ^H2SO4 = 0.3 and Ea = 37.44 ± 2.90 kJ mol^‐1 for η ^H2SO4 = 0.4) indicate diffusion‐controlled processes. This means a combined process model, which involves the transfer in the liquid phase followed by the chemical reaction at the surface of the solid. Kinetic parameters as rate coefficient of reaction, kr with values ranging from (5.02 ± 1.62) 10‐4 to (8.00 ± 1.55) 10‐4 (s^‐1) and transfer coefficient, kt, ranging from (8.40 ± 0.50) 10‐5 to (10.42 ± 0.65) 10‐5 (m s^‐1) were determined.     

基于高密度电阻率法的露天铁矿采空区探测的研究

露天铁矿开采区地下浅部大量采空区的存在,给矿山的人员及生产安全带来极大的威胁。为保证生产活动的顺利进行,必须对采空区进行精确探测。由于高密度电阻率法较常规电法具有信息丰富、精度高的特点,运用该法对露天铁矿采空区进行探测,结合数据反演断面图,在地下50m的范围内,共划定采空区四处,并精确划定采空区顶底板深度、水平范围和展布方向,为矿山的治理工作提供了可靠依据。并且在分析采集数据的基础上,总结出视电阻率识别模型及其主要特点,为地下采空区的划定提供了理论基础。     

应用瞬变电磁技术对屯留煤矿南一采区赋水性分析

通过对钻孔以及强干扰区进行参数试验,确定了发射边框、发射频率、发射电流、采样延迟、高压线影响等施工布置参数;结合野外实测数据和钻孔测井资料,进行数据处理和反演,得出采区内的煤系地层与上下围岩有着明显的电性差异;采区北部富水性相对较强,中部和南部富水性相对较弱,F66断层和X26、X35、X79陷落柱是各煤层和奥灰岩的垂向导水通道。     

Application of open-pit and underground mining technology for residual coal of end slopes

Given the conditions of residual coal from the boundary of a flat dipping open-pit mine,which uses strip areas mining and inner dumping with slope-covering,we propose an open-pit and underground integrated mining technology for residual coal of end slopes.In the proposal a conveyance road and ventilation conveyance near the slope are built,corresponding to the pit mining area and the surface coal mine dump,as well as an interval haulage tunnel and air-inlet tunnel.The outcome shows that such mining method may reduce the effect to slope stability from underground mining,it does not affect the dumping advance and has a high recovery rate of residual coal resources.The working face is timbered by single hydraulic props,transported by a scraper conveyor and supported by coal walls.This method of mining is one of layered top coal caving,with high resource recovery,low production cost where positive economic benefit can be realized.     

钼矿尾矿铜铅重金属离子溶出规律研究

为了评估钼矿尾矿的环境危害,通过105 d连续静态浸泡试验,定期监测钼矿尾矿浸泡液的pH值及其铜铅重金属离子浓度,研究了尾矿的离子溶出规律.结果表明,尾矿对酸性溶液有很强的中和能力,可将pH=3.5～6的酸性溶液在8 d内中和到pH=7的中性状态,并维持不变.液固比为1:10的浸泡液中Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的浓度都在25 d内达到最大值(分别为29.52和9.40μg/L),此后浓度下降,并发生震荡,但Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的浓度随时间的变化趋势不同.浸泡液中Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的平均浓度分别为19.37和4.29μg/L,尾矿中Cu和Pb的平均溶出率分别为0.097%和0.043%.钼矿尾矿可在中性条件下长期释放Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+),且Cu比Pb更容易溶出.     

Movement characteristics of Karst water in a deep mining area

In order to study the movement characteristics of groundwater in a deep mining area and solve the dispute of the distri-bution rule of hydro-chemical zoning which is contradicted by lixiviation water zoning in a horizontal direction, we directed our attention to the source of deep groundwater, its seepage and hydro-chemical characteristics in a typical mining area. We used a neotectonic water-control theory, chemical and isotope methods, as well as a method for analyzing dynamic groundwater conditions. The results indicate that 1) Karst water in the deep and medium parts of this mining area is recharged by vertical leakage through neotectonic fractures rather than seepage along strata from subcrop parts or surrounding flows; 2) from surface to deep leakage paths, the variation in the types of chemical groundwater agrees with the normal lixiviation water distribution rule and the age of mixed groundwater increases; 3) the water-rich zones along neotectonic fractures correspond with water-diluted zones in a hori-zontal direction; 4) the leakage coefficient and water capacity of aquifers increases during the flow process of Kant water along the antidip direction (from west to east) and 5) Karst water in shallow mining areas forms a strong runoff belt along strikes and quickly dilutes the water from deep and medium mining areas. Overall, chemical and dynamic water characteristics actually agree with in terms of the entire consideration for differences in vertical leakage and abnormalities in the zone of water chemical distribution, along a horizontal runoff direction.     

Explosion limits for combustible gases

Combustible gases in coal mines are composed of methane, hydrogen, some multi-carbon alkane gases and other gases. Based on a numerical calculation, the explosion limits of combustible gases were studied, showing that these limits are related to the concentrations of different components in the mixture. With an increase of C4H10 and C6H14, the Lower ExplosionLimit (LEL) and Upper Explosion-Limit (UEL) of a combustible gas mixture will decrease clearly. For every 0.1% increase in C4H10 and C6H14, the LEL decreases by about 0.19% and the UEL by about 0.3%. The results also prove that, by increasing the amount of H2, the UEL of a combustible gas mixture will increase considerably. If the level of H2 increases by 0.1%, the UEL will increase by about 0.3%. However, H2 has only a small effect on the LEL of the combustible gas mixture. Our study provides a theoretical foundation for judging the explosion risk of an explosive gas mixture in mines.     

Selected elements of rock burst state assessment in case studies from the Silesian hard coal mines

Exploitation of coal seams in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin is conducted in complex and difficult conditions. These difficulties are connected with the occurrence of many natural mining hazards and limitations resulting from the existing in this area surface infrastructure. One of the most important problems of Polish mining is the rock burst hazard and reliable evaluation of its condition. During long-years' mining practice in Poland a comprehensive system of evaluation and control of this hazard was de-veloped. In the paper the main aspects of rock burst hazard state evaluation will be presented, comprising: 1) rock mass inclination for rock bursts, I.e., rock strength properties investigation, comprehensive parametric evaluation of rock mass inclination for rock bursts, prognosis of seismic events induced by mining operations, methods of computer-aided modelling of stress and rock mass deformation parameters distribution, strategic rock mass classification under rock burst degrees; 2) immediate seismic and rock burst hazard state evaluation, I.e., low diameter test drilling method, seismologic and seismoacoustic method, comprehensive method of rock burst hazard state evaluation, non-standard methods of evaluation; 3) legal aspects of rock burst hazard state evaluation. Selected elements of the hazard state evaluation system are illustrated with specific practical examples of their applica-tion.     

淮水北调输水管道关键技术研究与应用

介绍了输水主管道的设计制造关键技术问题,通过比较备选管材特性,研究了选用的PCCP管道设计制作技术、空气阀布置设计和管道基座安装技术,对管道铺设方案、煤矿塌陷区的地基变形进行了分析。