铝酸钠溶液分解反应研究

为了研究氧化铝生产过程中铝酸钠溶液的分解反应动力学方程及反应器的优化操作设计, 首先用络合滴定法测定了氧化铝在氢氧化钠溶液中在50~65℃范围内的溶解度, 它为研究动力学提供了基础数据, 并得出溶解度方程为: Tc/4.221857.10ln-=* 在温度精度控制在±0.1℃的间歇釜式玻璃反应器中,在温度为50~60℃、氧化钠浓度为110gL-1和起始铝酸钠浓度为1.92molL-1的条件下,进行了65~84h的铝酸钠溶液的分解反应动力学实验。通过关联实验结果确定了反应动力学方程为: ()2312)/)((/10043.83exp101664.1**--=-cccARTrttA 该方程计算值与实验值的相对误差≤5%。 将溶解度方程与动力学方程进一步应用于反应器的优化操作设计,计算表明:采用动力学方程提供的铝酸钠最优操作过程,铝酸钠的分解率能提高4%左右。     

Decomposition of nitric oxide over perovskite oxide catalysts: effect of CO2, H2O and CH4

Direct nitric oxide decomposition over perovskites is fairly slow and complex, its mechanism changing dramatically with temperature. Previous kinetic study for three representative compositions (La_0.87Sr_0.13Mn_0.2Ni_0.8O_3−δ, La_0.66Sr_0.34Ni_0.3Co_0.7O_3−δ and La_0.8Sr_0.2Cu_0.15Fe_0.85O_3−δ) has shown that depending on the temperature range, the inhibition effect of oxygen either increases or decreases with temperature. This paper deals with the effect of CO₂, H₂O and CH₄ on the nitric oxide decomposition over the same perovskites studied at a steady-state in a plug-flow reactor with 1 g catalyst and total flowrates of 50 or 100 ml/min of 2 or 5% NO. The effect of carbon dioxide (0.5–10%) was evaluated between 873 and 923 K, whereas that of H₂O vapor (1.6 or 2.5%) from 723 to 923 K. Both CO₂ and H₂O inhibit the NO decomposition, but inhibition by CO₂ is considerably stronger. For all three catalysts, these effects increase with temperature. Kinetic parameters for the inhibiting effects of CO₂ and H₂O over the three perovskites were determined. Addition of methane to the feed (NO/CH₄=4) increases conversion of NO to N₂ about two to four times, depending on the initial NO concentration and on temperature. This, however, is still much too low for practical applications. Furthermore, the rates of methane oxidation by nitric oxide over perovskites are substantially slower than those of methane oxidation by oxygen. Thus, perovskites do not seem to be suitable for catalytic selective NO reduction with methane.     

Preparation of silk fibroin and polyallylamine composites

Composite films made of silk fibroin (SF) and polyallylamine (PAA) are prepared that contain various compositional ratios. These materials are analyzed to elucidate the resulting physical properties and to assess their potential toward advanced applications as industrial materials. The composite films are obtained from a SF and PAA binary system by dry casting from aqueous solution. These composite films exhibit excellent processability such as film forming capabilities, and the elongation at break is increased in the wet state. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves of the composites suggest that a mutual interaction takes place between the SF and PAA. This interaction is believed to occur because the endothermic peak, corresponding to the individual polymer, shifts with increasing SF content. The random coil conformation of the SF is present, regardless of the PAA blending, as confirmed by FTIR and DSC measurements. Additionally, living cells from Antheraea pernyi and Bombyx mori insect tissues are shown to grow effectively on the composite films. Maximum growth levels occur when the cultivation flask is coated with the material in SF/PAA ratios of 75:25 to 25:75. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1963–1970, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10491     

无隔膜槽中ACF电极成对电解脱色活性艳蓝KN-R

采用恒电流模式,同时以活性炭纤维(ACF)为阳极和阴极,在无隔膜电解槽中研究了不同电流密度下蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R的电化学脱色。结果表明在1.0~1.5mA.cm-2时,电解槽中发生阳极电氧化和阴极电还原同时进行的成对电解脱色。成对电解的发生,可以提高电解槽的工作处理能力。当电流密度为1.1mA.cm-2时,脱色率达到87%。     

6,6'-二甲基-2,2'-联吡啶固相萃取光度法测定水中铜的研究

根据试剂6,6' 二甲基 2,2' 联吡啶与铜(Ⅰ)的显色反应及WatersPorapakR○　Sep Park固相萃取小柱对显色配合物的固相萃取,建立了一种测定水样中μg/L级铜的新方法,在pH=4.5HAc NaAc缓冲介质中,6,6' 二甲基 2,2' 联吡啶与铜(Ⅰ)反应生成2∶1稳定配合物,该配合物可用WatersPorapakR○　Sep Park固相萃取小柱富集,小柱上富集的配合物用乙醇(内含1%醋酸)洗脱后用光度法测定,可测定水样中μg/L级的铜。该方法用于几种水样中铜含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

废水处理中的复极性固定床电解槽技术

复极性固定床电解槽（bipolar packed bed cell,BPBC)是在三维电极原理基础上发展起来的新型电化学工程技术，其在治理含氰及重金属废水、有机废水和印染废水方面具有良好的处理效果。介绍了BPBC的电化学特性，综述了国内外BPBC废水处理技术应用现状及其机理研究的概况。同时，提出了该技术目前存在的问题，并对其进一步的深入研究作了展望。     

An Improved Procedure for Determining the Work of Adhesion for Polymer-Solid Contact

Force-balance experiments in conjunction with the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory have been used to determine the work of adhesion between solid systems. It has been shown that deficiencies in understanding the deformation behavior can lead to erroneous results. A modified procedure for determining the work of adhesion by force-balance experiments and JKR theory using normal displacement behavior has been introduced to address these deficiencies. This procedure involves improved experiental and data analysis protocols and has been applied to give more precise work of adhesion values for PDMS poly(dimethylsiloxane)-PDMS, PDMS-F(fluorinated silicon) and PDMS-Si (silicon) systems. The work of adhesion determinations are consistently less than those estimated by contact angle measurements.     

光电功能性有机染料及其应用研究进展

本文论述了不同性能染料的合成方法，尤其是用溶胶-凝胶法合成高分子染料。综述了有机染料在光电功能材料方面的应用及其研究进展，并对光电功能性有机染料今后的发展方向做了展望。有46篇参考文献。     

固定化脱氮硫杆菌净化硫化氢气体的研究

以海藻酸钙包埋脱氮硫杆菌制成的固定化微生物颗粒填充生物固定床,用以净化低浓度H2S废气。实验研究了温度、pH值、进气浓度及流速对反应体系中的H2S脱除率的影响,测定了生物固定床中代谢物的种类及其含量。结果表明当进气口的质量浓度低于6×10-5mg/L、25～40℃、pH值在6.0～7.5范围时,生物固定床对废气中H2S的脱除率可达90%以上,在反应过程中pH值保持不变;进气口的流速对不同浓度的H2S的影响较大,当进气口H2S质量浓度为3×10-5mg/L且流速在35L/h时,脱除率高达95%以上。元素硫作为主要产物防止了生物固定床的酸化,并保证脱硫装置的稳定性。     

PS协同Z型异质结2D/BiOI/g-C3N4 光催化降解四环素

以三聚氰胺为前驱体，采用简单的热聚合方法制备了超薄石墨相氮化碳（g-C3N4），并用原位沉积-沉淀法在g-C3N4表面生成碘氧化铋（BiOI），复合构筑不同BiOI质量占比的二维碘氧化铋/石墨相氮化碳（2D/BiOI/g-C3N4，BICN-x）Z型异质结用以协同过二硫酸盐（PS）。通过XRD、FTIR、SEM、HRTEM、BET、UV-vis DRS对光催化剂的结构、表面官能团、形貌特征、比表面积和光学性能进行表征分析。结果表明：BiOI与g-C3N4质量比为2∶1（BICN-3）时，通过密切的界面耦合，光生电子-空穴对分离效率较高，光生e-以更快的迁移速度到达结构表面，并且在LED照射60 min内，BICN-3与PS形成的催化体系（BICN-3/PS）去除了88.2%的四环素（TC，10mg/L），降解速率是单独BICN-3的3.82倍。