高职女生饮食习惯与肥胖问题的调查与分析

目的:了解并分析北京某高职院校女生的饮食习惯和肥胖问题,为科学指导合理膳食和调控体重提供科学依据。方法:随机选取150名高职女生,进行膳食调查与人体测量,对高职女生的体质指数、减肥行为、饮食习惯等进行调查,所得数据进行统计分析。结果:高职女生肥胖的检出率较高,对自我体重评价的正确率低,普遍具有减肥的意愿,减肥方法不科学;绝大多数高职女生有吃夜宵的习惯,而且夜宵食物的选择不科学;经常吃洋快餐、油炸食物,经常喝酒、喝饮料,进食速度快的高职女生所占比例较高。结论:高职女生肥胖检出率较高,需要进行体重调控;高职女生存在不良的减肥行为和饮食习惯,应有针对性地开展积极有效的营养健康教育,以纠正和建立良好的饮食习惯,科学调控体重。     

海拉尔城镇居民超重与肥胖现况及影响因素分析

目的:调查呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区18岁及以上城镇居民超重与肥胖状况及其相关影响因素。方法:采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区18岁及以上城镇居民820人,进行问卷调查,测量身高、体重并计算BMI,统计超重与肥胖率,分析超重与肥胖的相关危险因素。结果:呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区18岁及以上城镇居民超重、肥胖率分别为32.3%(标化率为33.7%)、19.4%(标化率为21.2%),男性的超重率和肥胖率均高于女性。超重、肥胖率随着年龄的增加呈上升趋势,超重率在45～59岁最高,肥胖率在60岁及以上组最高。非条件logistic回归分析显示,性别、年龄、职业是超重的影响因素;性别、年龄、家庭人均月收入是肥胖的影响因素。结论:呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区18岁以上城镇居民超重、肥胖率均高于2002年全国平均水平,超重、肥胖已经成为该地区重要的公共卫生问题,所以应加强对超重和肥胖的预防和控制。     

攀枝花市农村居民营养知识及营养状况调查

目的:了解攀枝花市农村居民掌握的营养保健知识和营养状况,有针对性地对其普及营养知识。方法:抽样对攀枝花市农村居民331人进行营养知识和身高、体重问卷调查,所有有效问卷均用SPSS11.0统计软件包分析。结果:调查对象营养知识得分平均31.1分,高山区调查对象营养知识得分显著高于河谷地区和中低山区调查对象(P0.05),中低山区调查对象显著低于中高山区和河谷地区调查对象(P0.05),平均得分随文化程度的增高而显著增加(P0.05);调查对象的身高平均162cm,体重平均59.83kg,体质指数平均22.9,小于18.5的占4.6%,18.5～23.9的占65.5%,大于24.0的占29.9%。结论:影响农村居民营养知识得分的因素为地域和文化程度。农村居民营养知识普遍欠缺,营养不足和营养过盛的问题不容忽视,很有必要在农村地区开展营养知识的普及和营养教育示范。     

Diet and plasma evaluation of the main isomers of conjugated linoleic acid and trans-fatty acids in a population sample from Mediterranean north-east Spain

The aim of the present study was to describe the dietary pattern of a representative sample of 516 adult participants (203 men and 313 women) from Catalonia, a Spanish Mediterranean region, to assess their current dietary and plasma levels of trans C18:1, the major trans-fatty acid (TFA), and cis-9, trans-11 CLA, and trans-10, cis-12 CLA, the two major conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, and to evaluate their correlation with several cardiovascular disease risk factors. The population was a random sample derived from the Catalan Nutrition Survey. Plasma levels of the CLA isomers were determined in a subsample of 100 volunteers. The Catalan diet seemed to maintain some traits of the ‘traditional’ Mediterranean diet, although other components were lost. The dietary intakes of saturated fatty acids (SFA), TFA, cis-9, trans-11 CLA, and trans-10, cis-12 CLA were 12.3%, 0.84% (2.0 g/d), 0.030% (71.5 mg/d), and 0.0015% (3.4 mg/d) of the energy intake, respectively. Trans C18:1 accounted for 0.19% of the total plasma fatty acids, while the sum of cis-9, trans-11and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers represented about 0.09% of the plasma fatty acids. Trans C18:1 isomers correlated significantly with the intake of French fries and pastries, while cis-9, trans-11 CLA significantly correlated with the intake of dairy products and ruminant meat. None of the cardiovascular disease risk factors were found to be associated with the plasma levels of TFA or CLA. The results of this study suggest that monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are the main dietary fat source in the Catalan population, due to their regular olive oil consumption. Moreover, plasma levels of the main TFA and CLA suggest that the Catalan diet is not at present strongly influenced by the occidental dietary patterns. However, a reduction of the intake of SFA in the Catalan population should be recommended.     

改性氰酸酯类耐高温胶粘剂的研究

以双马来酰亚胺(BMI)、双酚A型氰酸酯(BADCy)和苯并噁嗪(BOZ)树脂为基体树脂,纳米二氧化硅(nano-SiO2)为填料,制备耐高温胶粘剂。采用非等温差示扫描量热(DSC)法、Kissinger法和Ozawa法研究了nano-SiO2/BOZ/BMI/BADCy共聚物的固化动力学过程。结果表明:当m(BOZ)∶m(BMI)∶m(BADCy)=1∶1∶2、w(nano-SiO2)=3%时,相应BOZ/BMI/BADCy胶粘剂的表观活化能(47.82 kJ/mol)低于无nano-SiO2体系(59.17 kJ/mol),并具有良好的耐高温性能;在250℃时用该胶粘剂胶接硅钢片,胶接件经250℃老化1 000 h后,其剪切强度仍保持稳定。     

基于BMI的融合功能检查系统的分析与设计

针对"传统的弱视双眼融合的视觉功能检查方法效率低,且通常依赖于医生的临床经验与专业医疗知识,检查的结果是定性的,不便于临床准确诊断"的问题。根据心理物理学的最新研究成果,设计了一种基于BMI(binocular motion integration)理论的融合视觉功能检查系统。采用VC++与Matlab混合编程技术实现了系统开发;使用CRT显示器和视频转换卡,解决了刺激源灰度模式下的显示问题。经临床试用表明,系统操作方便,能够帮助准确诊断,对早期有效恢复双眼融合视觉功能具有重要的意义。     

Comments on ‘Sufficient conditions for the synthesis of H∞ fixed‐order controllers’

This note points out that both theorems in Mattei (Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control 2000; 10 : 1237–1248) are incorrect for a general plant model. Additionally, it presents the corrections of them. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Body mass index and alcohol consumption: Family history of alcoholism as a moderator.

Recent research suggests that excess food consumption may be conceptualized as an addictive behavior. Much of the evidence comes from neurobiological similarities between drug and food consumption. In addition, an inverse relation between alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) has been observed. Previous research has hypothesized that this inverse relation is attributable to competition between food and alcohol for similar neurotransmitter receptors. The current study explored this neurobiological hypothesis further by examining the influence of an indicator of biological risk associated with alcohol problems (family history of alcoholism) on the relationship between alcohol and food intake. Data from 37,259 participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) were included in the study. BMI, family history of alcoholism, gender, and race/ethnicity were assessed as predictors of typical drinking frequency and estimated blood alcohol concentration (BAC). An inverse relationship between alcohol consumption and BMI was demonstrated. An attenuation of family history effects on drinking behavior was evident for obese compared to nonobese participants. The results suggest a neurobiological link between alcohol use and food consumption, consistent with theories characterizing excess food consumption as an addictive behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparing the effects of age,BMI and gender on severe injury (AIS 3+) in motor-vehicle crashes

Background

The effects of age, body mass index (BMI) and gender on motor vehicle crash (MVC) injuries are not well understood and current prevention efforts do not effectively address variability in occupant characteristics.

Objectives

(1) Characterize the effects of age, BMI and gender on serious-to-fatal MVC injury. (2) Identify the crash modes and body regions where the effects of occupant characteristics on the numbers of occupants with injury is largest, and thereby aid in prioritizing the need for human surrogates that represent different types of occupant characteristics and adaptive restraint systems that consider these characteristics.

Methods

Multivariate logistic regression was used to model the effects of occupant characteristics (age, BMI, gender), vehicle and crash characteristics on serious-to-fatal injuries (AIS 3+) by body region and crash mode using the 2000–2010 National Automotive Sampling System (NASS-CDS) dataset. Logistic regression models were applied to weighted crash data to estimate the change in the number of annual injured occupants with AIS 3+ injury that would occur if occupant characteristics were limited to their 5th percentiles (age ≤ 17 years old, BMI ≤ 19 kg/m²) or male gender.

Results

Limiting age was associated with a decrease in the total number of occupants with head [8396, 95% CI 6871–9070] and thorax injuries [17,961, 95% CI 15,960–18,859] across all crash modes, decreased occupants with spine [3843, 95% CI 3065–4242] and upper extremity [3578, 95% CI 1402–4439] injuries in frontal and rollover crashes and decreased abdominal [1368, 95% CI 1062–1417] and lower extremity [4584, 95% CI 4012–4995] injuries in frontal impacts. The age effect was modulated by gender with older females more likely to have thorax and upper extremity injuries than older males. Limiting BMI was associated with 2069 [95% CI 1107–2775] fewer thorax injuries in nearside crashes, and 5304 [95% CI 4279–5688] fewer lower extremity injuries in frontal crashes. Setting gender to male resulted in fewer occupants with head injuries in farside crashes [1999, 95% CI 844–2685] and fewer thorax [5618, 95% CI 4212–6272], upper [3804, 95% CI 1781–4803] and lower extremity [2791, 95% CI 2216–3256] injuries in frontal crashes. Results indicate that age provides the greater relative contribution to injury when compared to gender and BMI, especially for thorax and head injuries.

Conclusions

Restraint systems that account for the differential injury risks associated with age, BMI and gender could have a meaningful effect on injury in motor-vehicle crashes. Computational models of humans that represent older, high BMI, and female occupants are needed for use in simulations of particular types of crashes to develop these restraint systems.     

6421双马来酰亚胺树脂的反应流变性及树脂传递模塑成型工艺研究

对用于RTM工艺的6421双马来酰亚胺（BMI）树脂体系的反应流变特性进行了研究，并根据流变特性确定RTM工艺的两个主要参数：模具温度110－140摄氏度，注射压力小于0．5MPa，结果表明，按此工艺条件可顺利成型先进RTM复合材料，且复合材料的表面质量良好，孔隙率低，达到先进复合材料的性能要求，同时对RTM成型的编织复合材料的力学性能进行了初步的表征。