非木材纤维原料乙醇制浆的发展前景与展望

从乙醇制浆的优越性和目前我国造纸用纤维原料的现状两方面分析了非木材纤维原料乙醇制浆的发展前景。另外,从成本和利润方面考虑,指出了将生物精制技术同乙醇制浆结合起来将是一条适合造纸业发展的道路。     

甲酸/过氧甲酸脱木素及制浆工艺研究进展

甲酸法制浆作为一种具有巨大发展潜力的有机溶剂制浆方法,引起了研究人员的广泛关注。本文主要阐述了甲酸法制浆的特点、反应机理及几种典型甲酸法制浆工艺的研究进展,并对甲酸法制浆在生物质精炼平台的构建方面作了展望。     

Multiobjective optimization of biorefineries with economic and safety objectives

A new approach for the incorporation of safety criteria into the selection, location, and sizing of a biorefinery is introduced. In addition to the techno‐economic factors, risk metrics are used in the decision‐making process by considering the cumulative risk associated with key stages of the life cycle of a biorefinery that includes biomass storage and transportation, process conversion into biofuels or bioproducts, and product storage. The fixed cost of the process along with the operating costs for transportation and processing as well as the value of the product are included. An optimization formulation is developed based on a superstructure that embeds potential supply chains of interest. The optimization program establishes the tradeoffs between cost and safety issues in the form of Pareto curves. A case study on bio‐hydrogen production is solved to illustrate the merits of the proposed approach. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2427–2434, 2013     

硫酸盐法制浆企业的碳排放及碳捕获与利用技术

本文首先介绍了硫酸盐浆厂生产纸浆过程中CO₂的排放来源,进一步分析了“林浆一体化”企业的整体碳足迹,然后综述了温室气体排放核算方法,并介绍了硫酸盐浆厂的CO₂捕获及利用技术研究进展,包括黑液中酸析木质素的生产、沉淀碳酸钙的生产、塔罗油的提取、木质素纳米颗粒的生产等。最后探讨了将硫酸盐浆厂与生物质精炼厂相结合以进一步降低碳排放的可能性。     

多学科交叉助力废塑料生物法循环回收利用

生物转化过程具有条件温和、过程绿色、产品高值等优势,是未来废弃物高值化利用的重要途径。塑料是人工合成的有机高分子材料,已作为基础材料融入人类生活的方方面面。而海量剧增的废弃塑料已造成严重的环境污染与资源浪费。由于废弃塑料组分复杂、降解能垒高、胁迫因子多、回收经济性差,单一的生物技术尚无法对其进行即时处理,因此,基于学科交叉与过程集成,综合利用多种废塑料回收技术,建立多元化、个性化、交叉化的塑料回收新路线成为提升我国废弃塑料资源回收与利用水平、发展循环经济的重要途径。本文以生物技术为核心,综述了目前生物-物理、生物-化学以及生物-信息等技术交叉在塑料废弃物回收方面的研究进展,并针对性地分析了学科交叉研究中存在的瓶颈,探讨了未来亟需攻克的技术难点,以期为废塑料的高效回收利用提供新的思路和理论指导。     

Insights on the use of alternative solvents and technologies to recover bio-based food pigments

This review will discuss, under the Circular Economy and Biorefinery concepts, the performance of the alternative solvents in the downstream process to recover natural pigments in a more sustainable way. Conventionally, pigments marketed on an industrial scale are produced through chemical synthesis by using petroleum derivatives as the main raw material. Also, the current production chain of the synthetic dyes is linear, with no solvent recycling and waste generation. Thus, the most promising processes of extraction and purification of natural pigments and strategies on the polishing of the solvents are here reviewed. In this review, the use of alternative solvents, namely, ionic liquids, eutectic solvents, aqueous solutions of surfactants, and edible oils, for recovering natural pigments was reviewed. Works discussing higher extraction yields and selectivity, while maintaining the stability of the target pigments, were reported. Also, a panorama between Sustainability and Circular Economy prospection was discussed for better comprehension of the main advances in the field. Behind the analysis of the works published so far on the theme, the most important lacunas to overcome in the next years on the field were pointed out and discussed. Also, the future trends and new perspectives to achieve the economic viability and sustainability of the processes using alternative solvents will be scrutinized.     

An overview of the enzyme potential in bioenergy‐producing biorefineries

Biorefineries are considered as an integrative thinking that focuses on the possibility of obtaining as many added‐value products as technically and economically feasible. However, in practice most biorefineries comprise only enzymatic or chemical pretreatment followed by biofuel generation. The drop in oil prices may menace the development of this young industry, as has happened before in history. This has become a fundamental reason for which the biofuel industry should not consider only biofuels production, but enzyme and non‐fuel based chemicals as well. Hence, this work aims at overviewing the most important enzymes involved in biotechnological processes and to describe their role in biorefineries. Bioethanol, biogas and biodiesel biorefineries are overviewed, along with the integrated and industrial types. Finally separation and purification processes in biorefineries are discussed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

A modeling framework for design of nonlinear renewable energy systems through integrated simulation modeling and metaheuristic optimization: Applications to biorefineries

This study presents the development and implementation of a novel framework for optimal design of new and emerging renewable energy production systems by considering an iterative strategy which integrates the Net Present Value optimization along with detailed mechanistic modeling, simulation, and process optimization which yields optimal capacity plan, and operating conditions for the process. Due to the non-linear nature of process conversion mechanisms, metaheuristic algorithms are implemented in the framework to optimize operating conditions of process. Further, to apply complex kinetics in the process, we have made a linkage between process simulator (Aspen Plus) and Matlab. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, a hypothetical case study of a lignocellulosic biorefinery is utilized. The proposed framework results reveal a deviation in optimal process yields and production capacities from initial literature estimates. These results indicate the importance of developing a multi-layered framework to optimally design a renewable energy production system.     

Integrated furfural production as a renewable fuel and chemical platform from lignocellulosic biomass

Furfural is a natural precursor to furan‐based chemicals and has the potential to become a major renewable platform chemical for the production of biochemicals and biofuels. However, current industrial furfural production relies on relatively old and inefficient strategies that have hindered its capacity, and low production yields have strongly diminished its competitiveness with petroleum‐based alternatives in the global market. This mini‐review provides a critical analysis of past and current progress to enhance furfural production from lignocellulosic biomass. First, important chemical and fuel products derived from the catalytic conversion of furfural are outlined. We then discuss the importance of developing integrated production strategies to co‐produce furfural with other valuable chemicals. Furfural formation and loss chemistries are explored to understand effective methods to improve furfural yields from pentosans. Finally, selected relevant commercial and academic technologies that promise to improve lignocellulosic furfural production are discussed. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry