乳腺X射线数字影像中钙化点感兴趣区域提取方法

为乳腺X射线影像计算机辅助诊断做前期预处理,研究了乳腺图像处理中钙化点感兴趣区域提取的问题。在对乳腺X射线图像进行基本的背景分割后,首先运用改进的区域扩张法实现了对乳腺图像中乳腺区域的提取,然后对乳腺区域部分采用改进的反锐化掩模法进行图像增强,突出钙化点区域,再根据含钙化点的特征选取合适的阈值提取出可能含有钙化点的感兴趣区域（ROI）。试验表明,该方法可完成对乳腺影像的ROI提取处理,有助于提高乳腺疾病诊断的准确率。     

钙化法制备草酸的最佳工艺条件

研究了钙化法制备草酸的工艺条件,并确定了其钙化反应的最佳工艺条件:配料比(Na2C2O4:Ca(OH)2)为1:1.15,反应时间为1h～3h,反应后NaOH质量浓度为95g/L,其中对转化率影响最大的因素为配料比;酸化反应的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度为80℃,配料比(CaC2O4:H2SO4)为1:1.25,反应时间为1h,硫酸初始质量分数为35%。     

Removal of heavy metals from mine water by cyanobacterial calcification

The influence of different illumination intensities on cyanobacterial calcification induced removal of heavy metals from contaminated mine water was studied. Cyanobacterial calcification experiments were performed using a growth medium intended to simulate contaminated mine water. The results indicate that calcification can promote the removal of heavy metal ions. As the illumination intensity became stronger calcification rates increased and the removal of Zn2+ and Cd2+ became more obvious. When the illumination intensity was 10000 lux the removal of Pb2+ was the largest observed: stronger or weaker illumination reduced the amount of lead removed. The removal of three different heavy metals complies with an index function. For identical illumination intensities different ions were removed to different degrees.     

应用于玉石结构分析的光学相干层析技术

本文首次尝试将光学相干层析方法的微观结构层析分辨能力应用于检测玉石结构进而分析其质地,阐述了光学相干层析图像中反映的玉石结构特征以及物理解释。实验中利用中心波长1310nm的宽带光源和傅立叶域光学延迟线实现了扫描速度1帧/秒、纵向分辨率15um、成像深度3mm的光学相干层析成像系统,根据翡翠样品在层析成像中的光学散射特性随深度变化梯度和在二维被测切面内的强弱分布,提出了评估翡翠透明度和净度特性的光学方法,同时OCT图像特征亦可直观显示古玉钙化沁色部分的光学特性差异。实验结果验证了OCT检测方法用于区分翡翠透光特性的可行性,显示了OCT成像在辨别古玉钙化沁色特征中的应用潜力。     

一种改进的骨部钙化点CT图像增强方法

骨部CT图像中的钙化点是骨部疾病医学诊断的重要依据,而在高密度骨部区域的钙化点对比度很低,需要一种改进的增强骨部钙化点区域的图像处理算法。提出的算法首先依据钙化点像素所在的强度范围设计出较好的目标直方图,然后结合图像的全局信息与局部梯度信息建立偏微分方程并得到演化方程来求解,获得增强后的骨部CT图像。算法测试了由浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院提供的骨部CT图像,并在感兴趣区域上取得了较好的效果。     

钒渣物相结构及钙化焙烧相变对钒转化率的影响因素探讨

运用马弗炉焙烧钒渣得到不同温度阶段的熟料,采用偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针以及能谱仪等对钒渣物相结构、形貌以及焙烧过程中物相组成变化规律等进行详细分析。通过偏光显微镜观察得出钒渣主要由钒尖晶石、金属铁、硅酸盐及钛铁矿等物相组成;通过能谱成分分析得出钒尖晶石为主要含钒物相;通过扫描电镜和电子探针观察钒渣焙烧过程形貌变化,得出钒尖晶石最终氧化分解形成铁板钛矿、氧化铁以及钒酸钙相,认为钒渣物相结构(钒尖晶石晶粒大小、硅酸盐粘结相分布和分散金属铁量的多少)、熟料中钒的存在形式、钒酸钙相的生成含量以及高熔点硅酸盐的形成等都可能会影响钒的转化率高低。     

基于对比度受限自适应直方图均衡的乳腺图像增强

采用对比度受限自适应直方图均衡对乳腺图像进行增强,有效地增强了乳腺图像中的细节,如钙化点、乳导管等组织;并通过对算法中相关参数研究,得到应用于乳腺图像增强的参数优选值,以求获得较好的增强效果,为医师分析影像提供方便。通过与灰度直方图均衡的结果进行比较得出：对比度受限自适应直方图均衡为乳腺数字图像增强的有效方法,在计算机辅助乳腺诊断方面有较高应用价值。     

浓香型白酒窖泥钙化成因及缓解措施的初步探究

窖泥对于浓香型白酒的品质起着重要的作用,而目前各大酒厂窖池中的窖泥却频频出现钙化问题,直接影响了白酒的酒质。该研究通过对钙化窖泥和优质老窖泥在理化指标方面进行对比,得出窖泥钙化的主要原因是：由于窖泥中水分降低、pH降低等因素,导致窖泥中形成乳酸钙、乳酸铁等白色晶体,使得窖泥板结、出现白斑,质量下降。鉴于此,该研究采取在窖泥中加入产碱杆菌（Alcaligenes sp.）、酒花酸浸提液和乳酸链球菌肽（Nisin）3种措施,以此来缓解窖泥的钙化问题。结果表明,发现3种措施均能够缓解窖泥的钙化,且3种措施缓解的侧重点不同,综合分析后发现加入Nisin的效果最佳。     

钒酸钾钙化沉钒法制备钒酸钙

针对钾系亚熔盐法分解钒渣的中间产品钒酸钾,提出通过添加CaO实现钒酸钾中钾、钒分离,并同步实现钾再生循环的新方法,考察了各工艺参数对钙化沉钒的影响,得到钙化沉钒的最佳工艺条件. 结果表明,在KOH浓度140 g/L及CaO添加量为理论计算量的1.2倍、反应温度90℃、反应时间2 h的最佳工艺条件下,钒酸钾中钒转化率达95.9%以上,生成的钙化产物为Ca10V6O25,可直接用于钒铁冶炼,钾生成KOH返回用于分解钒渣.     

Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation Accelerate Vascular Calcification in a Model of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

Arterial calcification is a common feature of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a disease characterized by ABCC6 mutations, inducing a deficiency in pyrophosphate, a key inhibitor of calcium phosphate crystallization in arteries. Methods: we analyzed whether long-term exposure of Abcc6^−/− mice (a murine model of PXE) to a mild vitamin D supplementation, with or without calcium, would impact the development of vascular calcification. Eight groups of mice (including Abcc6^−/− and wild-type) received vitamin D supplementation every 2 weeks, a calcium-enriched diet alone (calcium in drinking water), both vitamin D supplementation and calcium-enriched diet, or a standard diet (controls) for 6 months. Aorta and kidney artery calcification was assessed by 3D-micro-computed tomography, Optical PhotoThermal IR (OPTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Yasue staining. Results: at 6 months, although vitamin D and/or calcium did not significantly increase serum calcium levels, vitamin D and calcium supplementation significantly worsened aorta and renal artery calcification in Abcc6^−/− mice. Conclusions: vitamin D and/or calcium supplementation accelerate vascular calcification in a murine model of PXE. These results sound a warning regarding the use of these supplementations in PXE patients and, to a larger extent, patients with low systemic pyrophosphate levels.