中草药提取液对冬虫夏草深层培养的影响

试验了11种中草药提取液对冬虫夏草液体培养生物量和多糖产量的影响。结果得出：这11种中草药水提液除川牛膝、黄精、山药对冬虫夏草的生物量有抑制作用外，其它几种中草药均有促进作用，增幅范围在0．007-0．94倍。该11种中草药均对冬虫夏草胞外多糖的产量有促进作用，其胞外多糖增幅在0．09～0．88倍；中药醇提液除川牛膝、石斛、黄芪对冬虫夏草的生物量有抑制作用外，其它几种中药促进作用的增幅在0．16～0．67倍。除山药和黄芪外均能提高冬虫夏草胞外多糖的产量，它的增幅在0．03～0．73倍。通过比较，最后实验了当归、党参、枸杞子、川牛膝的最适添加量，前三者在150g／L，后者在50g／L。在此条件下，生物量最大分别可达26．13、22．14、23．55、15．83g／L，胞外多糖的最大产量分别达到7160．2、7580．3、6830．5、6583．6g／L。以上11种中药对冬虫夏草胞内多糖也有一定的促进作用，但增幅不大。     

苦瓜浸提物对豆瓣酱防腐作用的研究

从腐败的豆瓣酱中分离获得了1株细菌和1株酵母菌；进行了苦瓜提取物对它们的抑制作用实验，并做了苦瓜提取物用于豆瓣酱防腐的应用试验，研究了添加不同浓度苦瓜提取物对豆瓣酱风味的影响。     

发酵酸化技术对乳饼蛋白质降解及蛋白肽生物活性的影响

通过发酵酸化技术研制发酵型乳饼,以传统的直接酸化技术为对照,通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE）、液相色谱-质谱测定乳饼蛋白质降解情况和游离氨基酸含量,通过用液相色谱-串联质谱鉴定乳饼蛋白肽。并通过测定体外抗氧化活性、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率和血管紧张素转换酶（angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE）抑制率表征乳饼蛋白肽的生物活性。SDS-PAGE结果表明,两种酸化技术均能促进乳饼蛋白质的降解,发酵酸化技术对乳清蛋白的降解程度更高,能促进游离氨基酸的释放。从发酵酸化乳饼中鉴定出潜在的ACE抑制肽23?条、抗氧化肽6?条和降糖肽5?条,而传统的直接酸化乳饼中分别为13、4?条和1?条。发酵酸化技术能显著提升乳饼蛋白肽的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性和ACE抑制活性（P＜0.05）,其中分子质量＜3?kDa超滤组分对二者抑制率的IC50分别为1.250?mg/mL和0.416?mg/mL。发酵酸化技术能促进乳饼蛋白质降解,释放生物活性多肽,同时产生游离氨基酸,提升乳饼的生物学价值。     

4种杂粮提取物组分分析及体外降脂功能评价

选取4种杂粮薏米、赤小豆、青稞、荞麦为原料,对其提取物中的可溶性总糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、总酚、总黄酮含量进行分析。并通过构建高脂HepG2细胞模型,以TG、T-CHO、LDL-C、AST、ALT作为指标,对其降脂功能进行评价。结果表明,赤小豆和青稞提取物中的可溶性总糖含量相当,薏米提取物次之,荞麦提取物最少。青稞提取物中的总酚含量最高可以达到84.24 mg GAE/100g;赤小豆由于其种皮含有多种潜在生物活性的色素,因此其提取物中总黄酮含量最高(34.794 mg RE/100g)。与对照组相比,添加1mg/mL青稞提取物,高脂HepG2细胞内TG含量降低34.4%,T-CHO含量降低21.4%,LDL-C降低了51.8%,ALT下降51.5%,AST下降21%,表现出最佳的降脂功能。     

Free‐radical scavenging activity of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L) extracts

In an effort to discover new antioxidant natural compounds, wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L) an aromatic‐bitter herb, was screened. The sequential extraction was realized with five solvents of different polarities (70% methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n‐butanol). The antioxidative activity was tested by measuring their ability to scavenge stable 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and reactive hydroxyl radical during the Fenton reaction trapped by 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO), using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Results demonstrated that the antiradical and antioxidative activity depend on the type and concentration of applied extracts and increased in the order ethyl acetate > methanol > n‐butanol > chloroform > petroleum ether > remaining water extracts. The investigation showed that the antiradical activity increased with increasing concentration of all extracts. The high contents of total phenolic compounds (25.6 mg g^?1) and total flavonoids (13.06 mg g^?1) indicated that these compounds contribute to the antiradical and antioxidative activity. In a model system, the formation of o‐semiquinone radicals from quercetin and chlorogenic acid was obtained to prove the mechanism (hydrogen donating and/or one‐electron reduction) of free‐radical scavenging activity. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Isolation of Anticomplementary Substances from Cucurbita Moschata Duch

Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of the edible part of Cucurbita moschata Duch, which is commonly used as an oriental medicine as well as a popular food source, showed significant anticomplementary activities on the classical pathway of the complement system. Bioassay‐guided chromatographic separation using silica gel, Sephadex LH‐20, octadecyl silica gel, thin layer chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography was performed to isolate the anticomplementary substances. Among the isolated substances, apigenin, phytosterols, and mixture of fatty acids, which were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, presented the strongest activities. Especially, phytosterols and mixture of saturated fatty acids isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts had 0.74 and 0.67 mg/ml as IC₅₀, respectively, indicating that the ethyl acetate extraction is the best way to isolate the anticomplementary substances from Cucurbita moschata Duch.     

The effect of repellents on penetration into packaging by stored-product insects

Two known repellents of stored-product insects, DEET and neem, were compared to protein-enriched pea flour, defatted protein-enriched pea flour, and pea protein extract for their efficacy at reducing penetration and invasion by several common stored-product insects: Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). The methods of preparation of pea extract affected the penetration of S. oryzae. Protein-enriched pea flour, DEET and neem reduced the penetration of S. oryzae, but defatted protein-enriched pea flour and pea protein extract did not. The number of S. oryzae, T. castaneum, C. ferrugineus and O. surinamensis entering pierced paper envelopes that contained wheat and were treated with DEET was reduced by 99%, 86%, 97% and 91%, respectively. Neem was less effective than DEET in reducing penetration and invasion of insects. Protein-enriched pea flour did not prevent insects entering pierced envelopes.     

香辛料提取物抑菌作用的研究现状及展望

主要论述香辛料提取物的抑菌成分和抑菌活性,阐述香辛料提取物在果蔬保鲜及作为天然防腐剂应用中的可行性及必要性。     

Antioxidant properties of commercial soft and hard winter wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and their milling fractions

The total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity, inhibition of coupled oxidation in a β‐carotene–linoleate model system, iron(II) chelation activity and inhibition of copper‐induced oxidation of human low‐density lipoprotein (hLDL) cholesterol of 80% ethanolic extracts of soft and hard winter wheat samples and their milling fractions, namely flour, germ, bran and shorts, were investigated. Soft wheat extracts examined demonstrated higher TPC and TAA compared to those of hard wheat extracts. The germ fraction possessed the highest TPC, followed by bran, shorts, whole grain and flour for both wheat types examined. The TAA of both wheat types showed similar results except that shorts performed better than bran in this assay. Free radical scavenging properties of whole grain and milling fractions of both soft and hard wheat samples were examined against DPPH radical. The germ and flour fractions demonstrated the highest and lowest DPPH radical scavenging activity, respectively, among wheat fractions. Wheat extracts were also efficient in preventing bleaching of β‐carotene, which is also known to be free radical mediated. In the iron(II) chelation assay the flour extracts demonstrated excellent activity, while the germ extracts showed a weak activity. The trends were similar in both soft and hard wheat for the iron(II) chelation assay. Wheat extracts also inhibited copper‐induced oxidation of hLDL. In LDL oxidation assay, wheat extracts performed better than the reference antioxidant, ferulic acid. Thus wheat phenolics may serve as effective antioxidative components as measured by in vitro techniques. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

植物提取物抗运动性疲劳作用的研究进展

运动性疲劳是人体脑力和体力持续活动到一定阶段时出现的一种生理现象,表现为机体生理过程不能维续其机能在特定水平上和(或)不能维持预定的运动强度。持续性的运动疲劳极易诱发运动损伤,从而给运动员或长期运动者的身体和运动表现能力带来隐患。因此,如何有效预防运动性疲劳的发生,以及如何有效恢复运动性疲劳是当前需要重点考虑的问题。近年研究表明,植物提取物在人体抗疲劳的预防和消除中有着十分重要的作用。故本文结合近些年国内外关于植物提取物的研究,综述了常见的多种植物类提取物如：多酚类、生物碱类、皂苷类、多糖类等在人体抗疲劳中的作用,及其对人体不同疲劳部位(外周疲劳、神经中枢疲劳)的抗疲劳作用机制,以期为研发新型抗运动疲劳功能产品遴选绿色、有效、安全的食源性活性成分提供一定的理论指导依据。