Changes in the physical properties of honey powder during storage

Honey powders produced by spray drying with the addition of Arabic gum and sodium caseinate were characterised in terms of the influence of storage time on the following physical properties: particle size, moisture content, water activity, bulk density, flowability and hygroscopicity. The storage affected those properties; after 12 weeks of storage, particle size decreased (except Arabic gum powder treated as a control sample), moisture content and water activity increased, hygroscopicity decreased. Changes in bulk density, particle size and moisture content caused the rise of Hausner ratio value; however, the powders were still characterised by a very good flow properties and low cohesiveness. The colour of reconstituted powders was also affected by storage; in most of samples, the darkening, reduction in redness and yellowness were observed. Colour parameters were the most stable in powders obtained with the addition of 2% w/w of sodium caseinate.     

Physicochemical characteristics,antioxidant capacity and thermodynamic properties of purple-fleshed potatos dried by radio frequency energy

Abstract

The impacts of using radio frequency (RF) energy to dry purple-fleshed potatoes were investigated and compared to infrared radiation (IR) and microwave (MW) drying techniques. The gelatinization rate, color, flavor, morphological, and structural characteristics, thermodynamic properties, as well as antioxidant capacity were examined. The results indicated that the drying time of RF (70?min) and MW (21?min) were shorter than IR (105?min). The gelatinization ratio of MW, RF, and IR were 94.4?±?2.0, 88.3?±?1.4, and 64.5?±?1.1%, respectively. The degree of crystallization of purple-fleshed potato powder decreased with all three drying methods. RF-dried potatoes were able to retain higher polyphenols (loss rate: 4.3%), total anthocyanin (3.7%), and total flavonoid content (35.1%), whereas IR showed the lowest retention. The content of polyphenols also decreased significantly. Furthermore, after RF heating, the scavenging of free radicals was higher compared to MW and IR.     

首钢1号高炉增产节焦生产实践

对首钢1号高炉焦炭质量恶化后增产节焦的生产经验进行了总结分析。认为提高入炉原燃料质量，综合优化高炉基本制度，合理控制稳定的操作炉型是保证炉况长期顺稳、实现效益最大化的有效手段。     

以IBAC为核心处理洗浴废水的试验研究

根据洗浴废水的水质特征,采用原水→混凝沉淀-过滤→固定化生物活性炭(Immobilized Biological Activated Carbon,IBAC)→微滤膜(MF)→UV消毒→出水的工艺流程.混凝沉淀-过滤物化预处理单元可以有效地减少洗浴废水中的各类污染物.IBAC生化处理单元,实现有机污染物、LAS、浴臭等有效去除,是保证出水合格的根本措施.微滤膜发挥物理截留作用、UV消毒杀死细菌和总大肠菌群.出水水质达到＜城市供水水质标准＞(CJ/T 206-2005).     

川西新场气田JS2^1气藏测井多参数评价方法

针对川西新场气田JS2^1气藏开展了多参数的综合评价研究，多参数包括储层参数、裂缝参数、储层分类厚度参数。首先，开展了储层参数及裂缝参数的计算，以岩心分析结果为依据，建立了孔隙度、渗透率、含水饱和度计算模型。利用铸体薄片进行了微裂缝识别，对样品的裂缝参数和测井曲线进行相关分析，建立了测井计算裂缝参数的数学模型；其次，对储层进行聚类分析，通过聚类将储层分为三类；最后，将计算的裂缝参数、储层分类中的Ⅰ类储层厚度、孔渗饱等参数进行正态化处理，拟和测试的无阻流量与这些参数建立多元回归计算模型，即综合含气指标的数学计算模型。以综合含气指标为主要依据，进行储层综合分类和评价，指出了有利的含气区域和可供挖潜井的建议。该方法在指导气藏开发中获得了良好效果。     

RI/VI联用测定聚乙烯相对分子质量及其分布

150℃测试温度下，以1，2，4-三氯苯为溶剂，采用示差折光指数器，毛细管黏度计双检测器联用凝胶渗透色谱技术测定了聚乙烯的相对分子质量及其分布。与常规凝胶渗透色谱法对比，该方法不仅能直接得到聚乙烯较精确的相对分子质量和分布形态，同时可以得到聚乙烯的特性黏数分布。     

天然气产业链下游市场风险评价模型探讨

随着我国天然气主干管网的逐步形成，天然气产业链下游市场正在进入快速成长阶段，建立风险预警系统的重要性开始显现，而风险评价模型是其基础工作之一。文章在天然气产业链下游区域市场风险评价指标体系的基础上，综合运用层次分析法和灰色系统理论，建立了对天然气产业链下游区域市场风险评价的模型，并以各区域市场的用气量占全国总用气量的比重为权重，建立起完整的市场风险评价模型，可为评价天然气产业链下游市场整体市场风险时参考。     

相关条件下基于N-P准则的分布式检测理论研究

本文针对并行网络、二元局部判决的情况,研究了在相关条件下基于N-P准则的分布式检测融合算法,给出了在联合概率密度已知和未知两种情况下的最优融合规则的理论推导及相应的解决方案,并在实验仿真的基础上,得到了部分有益的结论。     

上海市水环境生态安全评价

从“状态—压力—响应”指标框架体系出发,针对上海市水环境生态系统的现状特点,从时间变化和空间对比分析角度分别建立了上海市水环境生态安全评价指标体系;利用标准化和变异系数法确定各指标的标准化值和权重,采用综合指数评价法得到安全评价的综合指数值。在此基础上采用等级划分法,建立起综合指数值与生态安全评判的等级关系。各指标层的变化趋势揭示了上海市水环境生态安全的现状和发展趋势,即中心城区的水环境生态安全等级普遍低于郊区;在年际变化上,状态指标层评价值呈下降趋势,需要持续保护水环境生态系统;而压力和响应指标层评价值不断上升,保证了总体的良性发展趋势。     

浅谈县级有线电视网络的改造

就嘉善有线电视网络在适应数字电视传输时存在的问题以及今后网络的整体改造进行探讨。