元麦麸皮功能成分与产品开发的研究进展

麸皮是元麦加工的副产物,主要包括元麦的籽实皮、胚、糊粉层和少量淀粉胚乳部分。元麦麸皮中不仅含有丰富的营养物质,还含有阿拉伯木聚糖、β-葡聚糖、酚类物质、植物甾醇等功能成分,具有降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、调理肠道等多种生理活性,可满足人们对于健康饮食的需求。然而口感粗糙、消化性差等问题导致了元麦麸皮的加工利用不足、产品开发受限。近年来,在低碳与创新理念的倡导下,元麦麸皮的相关研究日益增多,以其为原料的油脂类、膳食纤维类、发酵型产品及相关加工技术不断发展,激发出元麦麸皮的高效利用潜力。针对元麦麸皮功能成分与产品开发的研究现状进行综述,旨在为突破元麦麸皮的精深加工关键技术、加速优质产品的商业化进程提供理论参考。     

浸钙对黑宝石李果实生理生化变化的影响

以黑宝石李(Fraiar)果实为试材,研究了不同浓度钙(0.5%、1%、2% 和4%)处理对果实品质及生理特性的影响。结果表明,钙处理减缓果实TA、可溶性糖含量的降低,抑制了SSC 含量的升高,保证了较高硬度,抑制PPO 和POD 活性增加,保持较高SOD 活性,延长了贮藏时间,以1% CaCl2 处理效果最好。     

阿魏酸、对香豆酸碱法制备及应用研究进展

阿魏酸、对香豆酸做为安全性高的天然抗氧化活性物质在食品与医药中的应用越来越受到关注。为了从生物质原料特别是谷物麸皮、农林作物边脚料中高效获取这两种重要酚酸,国际上做了大量的研究工作。本文就两种酚酸的生理功能和应用情况,及其碱法制备工艺包括酸法预处理、碱性水解、分离萃取、纯化鉴定等最新研究进展进行总结,旨在为促进我国农副产品的高效增值利用提供有益参考。     

环境噪声对心脏影响规律的研究方法与实现

文章从工业环境噪声对人体心率影响的角度,研究噪声对人体负荷影响规律的方法及实现问题,并开发数据处理系统。在研究方法中,依据工业企业噪声现状选择声级、频率范围;采用能够反映微小变化的心率变异（HRV）作为评价指标,获得噪声对人体心脏的影响规律。该方法与系统实现强调影响劳动安全的人体心脏负荷问题,可从工程生理学与心理学双重角度更为全面科学地研究噪声的影响规律。     

The Role of Gut Microbiota and Gut–Brain Interplay in Selected Diseases of the Central Nervous System

The gut microbiome has attracted increasing attention from researchers in recent years. The microbiota can have a specific and complex cross-talk with the host, particularly with the central nervous system (CNS), creating the so-called “gut–brain axis”. Communication between the gut, intestinal microbiota, and the brain involves the secretion of various metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), structural components of bacteria, and signaling molecules. Moreover, an imbalance in the gut microbiota composition modulates the immune system and function of tissue barriers such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, the aim of this literature review is to describe how the gut–brain interplay may contribute to the development of various neurological disorders, combining the fields of gastroenterology and neuroscience. We present recent findings concerning the effect of the altered microbiota on neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, as well as multiple sclerosis. Moreover, the impact of the pathological shift in the microbiome on selected neuropsychological disorders, i.e., major depressive disorders (MDD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is also discussed. Future research on the effect of balanced gut microbiota composition on the gut–brain axis would help to identify new potential opportunities for therapeutic interventions in the presented diseases.     

功能性物质二十八烷醇生理活性及应用研究进展

对世界公认的抗疲劳物质二十八烷醇的理化性质、在自然界中的分布状况、生理活性、制备方法及目前国内外应用研究状况进行了综述。     

类腐植酸的组分、分子结构及其生理活性研究

采用元素分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和固体13C核磁共振等方法,对四种不同原料制备的类腐植酸与矿物源腐植酸在组分、元素组成和分子结构方面进行了研究,通过种子萌发实验对类腐植酸的生理活性进行了测定。结果表明,以草本植物(麦草、竹子)为原料制备的类腐植酸中,黄腐酸的含量明显高于木本植物(松木、杨木)制备的样品。类腐植酸与矿物源腐植酸的分子结构相似,具有腐植酸的特征官能团。与矿物源腐植酸相比,类腐植酸结构更复杂,其中芳香族结构、木质素衍生物及多糖等结构含量更多,含氧官能团含量较低,其中草本植物源制备的类腐植酸比木本植物制备的样品的芳香化程度更高,分子量更小。小麦种子萌发研究结果显示,类腐植酸浓度为20~40 mg/L时对种子萌发起到明显的促进作用,但浓度过高反而会抑制其生长。     

不同生育期水分胁迫对烤烟生理特性及化学品质的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了不同生育期水分胁迫对烤烟生理特性及品质的影响.结果表明,烤烟成熟期不同水分处理的中部叶和上部叶蛋白质、烟碱、总氮含量增加;总糖、还原糖含量降低且土壤干旱比水分过多时下降的多,使得烟叶的品质降低;糖碱比、氮碱比、施木克值以轻度干旱(65%处理)较合理.在烤烟不同生育时期,土壤干旱或水分过多,丙二醛含量、SOD活性、脯氨酸含量升高.土壤干旱或水分过多会导致其根系活力和光合速率下降,最适宜的土壤相对含水量在烤烟生长的团棵期、旺长期、现蕾期和成熟期分别为65%、80%、80%和65%.     

Mitochondria-Induced Immune Response as a Trigger for Neurodegeneration: A Pathogen from Within

Symbiosis between the mitochondrion and the ancestor of the eukaryotic cell allowed cellular complexity and supported life. Mitochondria have specialized in many key functions ensuring cell homeostasis and survival. Thus, proper communication between mitochondria and cell nucleus is paramount for cellular health. However, due to their archaebacterial origin, mitochondria possess a high immunogenic potential. Indeed, mitochondria have been identified as an intracellular source of molecules that can elicit cellular responses to pathogens. Compromised mitochondrial integrity leads to release of mitochondrial content into the cytosol, which triggers an unwanted cellular immune response. Mitochondrial nucleic acids (mtDNA and mtRNA) can interact with the same cytoplasmic sensors that are specialized in recognizing genetic material from pathogens. High-energy demanding cells, such as neurons, are highly affected by deficits in mitochondrial function. Notably, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and chronic inflammation are concurrent events in many severe debilitating disorders. Interestingly in this context of pathology, increasing number of studies have detected immune-activating mtDNA and mtRNA that induce an aberrant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferon effectors. Thus, this review provides new insights on mitochondria-driven inflammation as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative and primary mitochondrial diseases.